Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes in multiples of n |
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Definition
| variation in the number of sets of chromosomes |
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Definition
| chromosomes not in multiples of n |
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Definition
| ploidy which involves only homologous chromosomes. stabilized disjunction = functional gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| non homologous sets of chromosomes involved |
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Term
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Definition
| Doubling of chromosomes creating homologs allowing sterile diploids to become fertile |
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Definition
| organism more robust as Xn increases |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior of two or more alleles of one loci in presence of single dose of allternate allele |
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Term
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Definition
| double fertilization in angeosperms, the genotype of the sperm cell can effect the phenotype of the zygote |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Diploid organisms that are missing one chromosome of a single pair (2n-1)
lone chromosome often not included in daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
Diploids with one extra chromosome. (2n +1). Gametes (n+1) and (n)
Autosome 21 = down syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| one chromosome expressed in a quadruplicate (2n +2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two diff. chromosomes are expressed in triplicate (2n+ 1+1) |
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Term
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Definition
| lost chromosome pair. (2n-2) usually lethal |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of hundreds of chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| when chromosomes rupture and base pairs attach at non homologous sites |
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Term
| Reciprocal Translocations |
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Definition
Exchange of segments between two non homologous chromosomes
alternate disjunction(figure eights) only way to produce viable gametes |
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Term
| translocation heterozygotes |
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Definition
one chromosome is normal and one contains a reciprocal translocation. after alternate disjunction (figure eight) gametes appear as:
1/2 progeny viable
1/2 progeny sterile |
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Term
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Definition
| altered phenotypic expression of a gene due to movement from its normal loci |
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Term
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Definition
| all chromosomes inherited as single circular chromosomal unit. It is an example of a translocation unit. |
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Term
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Definition
segment of sequence is taken out and replaced in a backwards direction.
During meiosis homology is maximized
produce semi sterility |
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Term
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Definition
| either a translocation or an inversion to prevent the recovery of cross over products and thus maintain heterozygosity |
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Term
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Definition
The centromere lies within the inverted region
1st meiotic anaphase-- product normal
if cross over occurs 1/2 nonviable, 1/4 inverted, 1/4 normal |
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Term
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Definition
the centromere lies outside the inverted segment. Cross over produces dicentric chromosome (possesing two centromeres)
Creates bridged that will rupture randomly and an acentric piece (without centromere) |
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Term
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Definition
| segments that exit, and can never back mutate |
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Term
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Definition
| when an organism is heterozygous and loses portion of chromosome containing dominant. recessive allele becomes expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| extra gene copy is free to mutate. |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosome has arms of equal length and that are homologous to one another due to abnormal transverse division of the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by bridge breakage fusion bridge cylces. creates mosaic tissue appearing as irregular patches on a background of normal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| whole arm fusion. eucentric reciprocal translocation between two acrocentric chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| x chromosome in interphase cells of females that is attached to the nuclear membrane |
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Term
| dosage compensation mechanism |
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Definition
| one of two x chromosomes is turned off |
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Term
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Definition
| sampling of the amniotic fluid in utero |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of an individual of two or more cell lineages of different chromosomal constitution each deriving from the zigote |
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Term
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Definition
| mosaicism in fruit flies that has 1/2 body of a female and 1/2 of a male |
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Term
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Definition
| fusion of cell lines from different zygotes-- results form abnormal postzygotic divisions. Resulting from nondisjunction or anaphase lag |
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