Term
Nomenclature:
Lymphocytes are a.k.a. ? |
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Nomenclature:
Monocytes & macrophages a.k.a. ? |
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Nomenclature:
Leukocytes that act on other leukocytes = ? |
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Nomenclature:
Cytokines w/chemotactic activity are a.k.a. ? |
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Definition
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| What are cytokines? (long answer) |
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Definition
| variety of proteins secreted under appropriate stimulation to regulate intensity & duration of immune response by modulating activation, proliferation, and/or differation of different cells & by regulating secretion of Ab's + other cytokines |
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| Cytokines: soluble or insoluble? |
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Definition
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| Cytokines - molecular mass? |
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| Cytokines are secreted by a _ # of different cell types. |
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| Cytokines are _ of many important biological processes. |
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| What do cytokines mediate in the immune response? |
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| What of the immune response do cytokines regulate? (2) |
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| Cytokines and their receptors exhibit _ _ for each other. |
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| Are cytokines hormones? Why/not? |
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Definition
| No - They act in short distances, while hormones act over long distances. |
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| How do cytokines work? What does that trigger? |
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Definition
| They bind receptors on the membranes of target cells, which triggers signal transduction pathways that regulate the expression of different types of genes. |
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| What kind of action is it when a cytokine binds to the receptor of the same cell (target cell)? |
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Definition
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| What kind of action is it when a cytokine binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity (target cell)? |
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Definition
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| What kind of action is it when a cytokine binds to the receptor of a cell in distant part of body (target cell)? |
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| What are the 5 attributes of cytokine function? |
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Definition
pleiotropy
redundancy
synergism
antagonism
cascade induction |
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| cytokine function - attribute - a given cytokine has different effects on different cells |
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| cytokine function - attribute -2 or more cytokines mediate same function |
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| cytokine function - attribute -combined effect or 1 or more cytokines is > additive effect of individual cytokines |
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| cytokine function - attribute -effect of 1 cytokine inhibits effect(s) of another cytokine |
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| cytokine function - attribute -action of 1 cytokine on target cell induces that cell to produce 1 or more other cytokines that in turn induce other target cells |
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| Activated TH cells -> IL-4 -> different target cells w/different effects. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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| Activated TH cells -> IL-2,4,5 -> B cell (proliferation): What is this an example of? |
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| Activated TH cells -> IL-4 + IL-5 both -> B cell inducing class switch to IgE: What is this an example of? |
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| IFN-gamma blocks class switch to IgE induced by IL-4: What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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| Macrophage -> IL-12 -> Activated TH cells -> IFN-gamma, TNF, IL-2, and other cytokines: What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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| What are the 2 principal producers of cytokines? |
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| Released cytokines are involved in a variety of physiological responses, including (5) |
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Definition
inflammatory response
hematopoiesis
clonal expansion of T cells
proliferation & differentiation of B cells
activation of NK, cytotoxic, and B-cells; neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells |
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| What 3 things prevent cytokines from activating cells in a nonspecific manner during an immune response? |
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Definition
expression of specific receptors by target cells
localized effective concentration
short half-life |
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| What are the 5 types of cytokine receptors? |
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Definition
immunoglobulin superfamily receptors
Class I cytokine receptor family (hematopoietin receptor family)
Class II cytokine receptor family (interferon receptor family)
TNF receptor family
chemokine receptor family |
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Term
| What ligands are associated with immunoglobulin superfamily receptors? (4) |
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Definition
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Term
| Ligands IL-(2-7,9,11-13,15,21,23,27), GM-CSF, G-CSF, OSM, LIF, CNTF, growth hormone, and prolactin are associated with which receptor family? |
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Definition
| Class I cytokine receptors (hematopoietin) |
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| Ligands IFN-(alpha,beta,gamma) and IL-(10,19-20,22,24,26,28-29) are associated with which receptor family? |
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Definition
| Class II cytokine receptors (interferon) |
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| Ligands TNF-(alpha,beta), CD(27,30,40)L, nerve growth factor (NGF), and FAS are associated with which receptor family? |
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Definition
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| Ligands IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1, PF4, MCAF, and NAP-2 are associated with which receptor family? |
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Definition
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| Most cytokine receptors are part of which receptor family? |
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Definition
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| What 2 motifs are a Class I cytokine composed of? |
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Definition
4 cysteine (CCCC residues)
conserved sequence of amino acids WSXWS (tryptophan-serine-(any aa)-tryptophan-serine) |
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| Does the Class II receptor family have the CCCC motif? |
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Definition
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| Does the Class II receptor family have the WSXWS motif? |
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Definition
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| Class I and II cytokine receptors are usually _. |
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Definition
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| What does one subunit of class I & II heterodimers bind? What does the other do? |
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Definition
| ligand (cytokine); mediates signal transduction |
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| How many subfamilies are under Class I? |
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Definition
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| What does a subfamily have in common? |
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Definition
| signal transduction subunit |
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