Term
|
Definition
Expressed on macrophage and endothelial cells
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cell growth factor, activated T, B, NK proliferation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Development of hematopoeitic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Isotype switiching to IgE, expressed on TH2 and mat cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TH2 cells, recruits Eosinophils, induces isotype switch to IgA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrophages, T cells
Acute phase reactions from liver, plasma cell proliferation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Survival signals (naive, memory T cells, lymphoid progenitors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main chemokine for neutrophil recruitment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates IFN-g release from cells, TH1 cytokine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like IL-4, anti-parasite, isotype switch to IgE |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 inteferon (IFN-A/B) |
|
Definition
| Expressed on many cells, anti-viral effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expressed on Th1 cells, activates macrophages, production of TH1, increased MHC expression. Increases TAP and proteasomes that help with intracellular antigens processing, MHC I expresison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase IL-2 synthesis by TH1 cells, stimulates dendritic cell migration by lymph nodes. Secreted by macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Transforming growth factor (TGF-bea) |
|
Definition
| Inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes, inhibits MAC (complement), switch to IgA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates growth of granulocytes |
|
|
Term
| Which cytokines are responsible for TH1 response? |
|
Definition
| IFN-g, TNF-B. IL-2 (not exclusive to TH1) |
|
|
Term
| Which cytokines are involved in Th2 responses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is activated by Th1 response? Th2 response? |
|
Definition
| Th1 - cellular immune system, maximized killing of macrophages and proliferation of CD8+ and opsoniziation of antibodies. TH2 - Humoral system, stimulates class switching from IgM to effector antibodies like IgG |
|
|
Term
| What are the three activation pathways for complement? |
|
Definition
| Lectin, classic and alternative pathway |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lectin activation pathway of complement |
|
Definition
| Same as classical, but the opsonin isn't C1, but rather mannose binding lectin, as it binds to mannose on pathogen surface. Splits C4 to C4a and C4b, and C2 into C2a and C2b |
|
|
Term
| Describe the classic activation pathway of complement? |
|
Definition
| C1 binds to FC fragments of IgG or IgM which have complexed with antigens. This then leads to C4 and C2 cleavage. That leads to C3 split, where the b component act as enzymes. C5 is eventually recruits other C proteins like C6-C9 and 19 C9 protein help to create MAC complex. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the alternative pathway of complement activation? |
|
Definition
| Continuously activated at low levels because C3b always present in low levels. Bacteria don't inactivate binding, creates C3 convertase enzyme, cleaving C5 to C5a and C5b. C5b recruits and assembles MAC |
|
|
Term
| What are the four function of complement? |
|
Definition
Opsonization - enhacing phagoctosis of antigens
Chemotaxis - attracts macrophages and neutrophils
Cell Lysis - MAC
Clumping of antigen bearing agents |
|
|
Term
| How does complement opsonize? |
|
Definition
| C3b is a potent opsonizer, as it binds to surface of pathogens, leading to greater internalization by phagocytic cells |
|
|
Term
| How does complement perfrom chemotaxis? |
|
Definition
| C5a is a chemotaxin and anaphylatoxin, acting to recruit inflammatory cells, and alogn with C3a, trigger degranulation of mast cell |
|
|
Term
| How does complement lyse cells? |
|
Definition
| Formation of MAC pathway, as C5b initiates the MAC consists of C5b, C6,C7,C8 and polymeric C9. |
|
|
Term
| How does complement clump antigen-bearing agents? |
|
Definition
| Some viruses that don't kill cells, lead to accumulation of antibody virus complexes. They can damage blood vessels like in glomerulonephritis. Complement solublizes these clumps |
|
|
Term
| What three cytokines are associated with the acute phase resposne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both TH1, but IFN-g mostly for macrophages, TNF-a mostly for acute phase response |
|
|
