Term
| what is an ecumenical council? |
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Definition
| -council of ecclesiastical church fathers who convene to discuss doctrine |
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Term
| What were the first four ecumenical councils? |
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Definition
1.Council of Nicea (325 AD)
2. Council of Constantinople (381 AD)
3. Council of Ephesus (431 AD)
4. Council od Chalcedon (451 AD) |
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Term
| What were the councils about? |
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Definition
-first two (Nicea and Constantinople) are about Trinitarianism
-last two (Ephesus and Chalcedon) are about christological orthodox |
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Term
| What was specifically discussed in the council of Nicea? |
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Definition
| -arianism, Arias of Alexandria was probably pronounced a heretic |
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Term
| What was specifically happened at the council of Constantinople? |
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Definition
| -arianism was outlawed because Christianity became the official religion |
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Term
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Definition
-Jesus was a man on whom the holy spirit rested, this is the christian story explained in orthodox jewish terms.
-ebionites believed that gentile converts must submit to the law of Moses. Jesus was not God,no virgin birth. |
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Term
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Definition
-Jesus was not man, Jesus was a god who only appeared in human form
-christianity explained in the terms of greek roman paganism
-Ignatius opposed them |
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Term
| Adoptionist/Dynamic Monarchianism ("one rule") |
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Definition
| -Jesus was a mere man in whom God dwelled, Jesus was never on par with the Father |
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Term
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Definition
-teacher of Lucian of Antioch, Arius of Alexander
-bishop of Antioch
-wrote the theological of incarnation, story of how man became god
-equated logos to god's wisdom |
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Term
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Definition
-God is a single person who reveals himself in three modes, denial of the trinity
-synonymous with patripassianism and sabellianism |
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Term
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Definition
-God the father is incarnate in Jesus so he suffered with him on the cross
-aka modalism |
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Term
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Definition
| -main modalistic manarcianist teacher |
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Term
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Definition
| -how god relates to the world |
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Term
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Definition
| -the way God is in himself without reference to creation |
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Term
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Definition
-JC was a created being, "there was a time when the son was a created being, and a time when the son was not" -Francis Young
-massive spread of different interpretations |
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Term
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Definition
1. God is underived
2. The Son is derived
Therefore....
3. The son is not God |
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Term
| Athanasius and Anti-Aryanism |
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Definition
1. Only God saves
2. Jesus saves
Therefore...
3. Jesus is God |
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Term
| Positions held at Council of Nicea |
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Definition
1. Orthodox position held by Alexander of Alexandria- Homoousios (the father and the son are of the same substance)
2. Semi Arian held by Eusebius of Cesuria- Homoiousios (Jesus was not the same as God but simply had a similar essence)
3. Hetrodox held by Arius of Alexandria- Heteroousios ( father and son different substance) |
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Term
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Definition
-new venue for Christians to express that passion and desire to be on the front lines of spiritual development, to be martyrs
-attempt to close to God by a pure life |
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Term
| Antony of Alexandria 251-356 |
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Definition
-first of the great desert fathers
-Father of Anchoritic Monasticism (withdrawing from the world to be alone)
-fasted and prayed in desperate search for God. He realized that it's easy to pull away from the world, but not the world from your own heart. Temptations still arise. |
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Definition
-Father of Cenobitic Monasticism- groups of monks living together
-founded the first monastery |
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Term
| Mocarius the Great 300-391 |
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Definition
| -developed communal living |
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Term
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Definition
-they were able to do death defying acts of asceticism
- they did miracles |
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Term
| Why is Augustine such a brilliant man? |
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Definition
-he wrote a lot
-hailed as the father of the spiritual biography, "confessions"
-sometimes called the first modern man
-soliloquies: dialoguing with himself
-father of psychology
-first christian thinker to reflect deeply on theology and politics, church and state |
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Term
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Definition
-mother was a devout chrisitan
-his parents devoted finances to his education, schooled in rhetoric from an early age
-converts to christianity in Milan, comes under influence of Ambrose' preaching
-wanted to become a whole hearted Christian, which meant becoming a monk |
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Term
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Definition
-goes to preach in city of Hippo
- Valerius was the bishop in Hippo and he was looking for a bishop to take over (Augustine did not know)
-Augustine was ordained on the spot |
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Term
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Definition
Augustine was the fourth century theologian
Jerome was the fourth century biblical scholar
John Chrysostom- fourth century preacher |
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Term
| Augustine as a Theologian- Manichean |
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Definition
-belief that matter is evil, spirit is good. good and evil are eternal powers
-some of Augustine's first writings were against the Manicheans: he says that evil is not a reality, it is the absence of that which is good |
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Term
| Augustine as a Theologian- Donatist |
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Definition
-grew out of the Diocletian persecution
-there was a question of whether to let the apostates (those who turned from the church and sacrificed to Caesar) back into the church
-the donatists said that pastors who apostatized could not return. and denied the validity of the sacraments as administered by a pastor who had apostatized.
-Augustine argues that sacraments are valid because of the grace of God |
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Term
| Augustine as a Theologian- Pelagian |
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Definition
-Pelagius taught that man did not inherit sin from Adam, therefore sinning is a choice
-Augustine is very aware of the depravity of man
-doctrine of original sin: man is a slave to sin |
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Term
| John Crysostom- Education & Conversion 347-370 |
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Definition
-Libanius, pagan rhetoric teacher who taught John
-Diodius- christian teacher |
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Term
| John Crysostom- Ascetic life as a Monk |
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Definition
-moved by the monastic example of his friend Basil
-stepped into monastic life with Basil after mother's death
-became a priest then a bishop, wrote "On the Priesthood" |
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Term
| John Crysostom- Priest in Antioch |
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Definition
-immediatley ordained as a deacon once in Antioch, and soon ordained as a priest
-discovered his love of preaching, becomes a revivalist hero in Antioch |
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Term
| John Crysostom- Bishop in Constantinople 398-404 |
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Definition
-begins the time of downfall for Crysostom
-410 went to Ephesus to be present at a Simony case (buying ecclesiastical office/powers, abuse of wealth in the city) |
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Term
| John Crysostom- Exile and Death |
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Definition
-Eudoxia was responsible for John's death
-accused of siding with Origen |
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Term
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Definition
| The way church fathers interpreted the scriptures |
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Term
| Alexandrian School-Pantaenus |
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Definition
1.Pantaenus (diesd in 190AD)
-the most famous |
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Term
| Alexandrian School-Celement |
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Definition
2. Celement of Alexandria (140 AD)
-Protepticus (exhortations to the Greeks)
-Paedogogus (christ the Educator
-Stromata(Miscellaneous |
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Term
| Alexandrian School-Origen |
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Definition
(185-254AD)
-Develops a system of exegeses
-Taught that the text should be developed in 3 different means-literal, moral, spiritual meaning.
-Didymus the Blind takes over school after Origen 313-398 |
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Term
| Antiochene School-Diodorus of Tarsus |
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Definition
| Considered the founder of the school |
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Term
| Antiochene School-Theodore of Mopsuestia |
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Definition
| best example of Origin exegesis |
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Term
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Definition
-1st Christian Latin author
-comes on scene as Christian writer in 197AD with his written Apology
-very much against culture and philosophy
-213 converts to montonism, lose track of him |
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