Term
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Definition
| Velocity at which aliasing occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Velocities that exceed the measuring capacity of a pulsed-Doppler system |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements are constantly transmitting and receiving sound |
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Term
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Definition
| Single element which acts as both a transmitter and receiver |
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Term
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Definition
| Velocity at which the majority of blood cells are moving |
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Term
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Definition
| Utilization of color and pulsed wave technology to obtain information |
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Term
| For imaging echocardiography, the best image is obtained when the transducer is ____________ to the structures being imaged. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| detects that an abnormality is present. It does not accurately determine the severity of the abnormality. |
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Term
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Definition
| detects that the abnormality is present & accurately determines the severity. |
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Term
| Doppler flow towards transducer will be where in regards to the baseline? |
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Definition
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Term
| Doppler flow away from the transducer will be where in regards to the baseline? |
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Definition
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Term
| The velocities portrayed with Doppler represent the “___________,” which is the velocity at which the majority of blood cells are moving. |
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Definition
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Term
| The area being measured is selected by moving the “__________” to the area of the heart you want to measure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Velocity at which aliasing occurs is called |
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Definition
Nyquist limit and calculated as:
Nyquist Limit = PRF/2
(Pulse Repetition Frequency) |
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Term
| Aliasing is represented on spectral Doppler by what? |
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Definition
| The flow pattern wrapping around the paper |
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Term
| With color doppler how is aliasing represented? |
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Definition
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Term
| Peak Velocity Range for TV |
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Definition
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Term
| Peak Velocity Range for MV |
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Definition
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Term
| Peak Velocity Range for PV |
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Definition
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Term
| Peak Velocity Range for AV |
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Definition
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Term
| Peak Velocity Range for LVOT |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to measure pressure gradients across valves in heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Bernoulli equation (formula) |
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Definition
P = 4 x (V2^2 – V1^2)
–V2 is the velocity on the distal side of the valve in relation to flow
–V1 is the velocity on the proximal side of the valve in relation to flow
–P = Pressure
–If the flow on the proximal side of the valve is 1 m/sec or less you take it out of the equation. |
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Term
| Simplified Bernoulli (formula) |
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Definition
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Term
| To calculate RVSP the patient must have what? |
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Definition
| some degree of tricuspid regurgitation |
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Term
| Right atrial pressure is estimated based on? |
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Definition
–Normal values are 5-10 mmhg=normal(not diliated and collapsing >50%
–10-15mmhg=normal size but not collapsing >50%
–15-20mmhg=Dilated and not collapsing at all |
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Term
| ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) (Q) |
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Definition
–Qp site
•RVOT
–Qs site
•Mitral annulus or LVOT |
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Term
| VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) (Q) |
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Definition
–Qp site
•RVOT or mitral annulus
–Qs site
•LVOT |
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Term
| PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) |
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Definition
–Qp site
•Mitral annulus or LVOT
-Qs site =Tricuspid annulus or RVOT |
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Term
| This is also called stroke volume through a valve |
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Definition
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Term
| Continuity Equation (Formula) |
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Definition
•Time velocity integral (TVI) Also called VTI(velocity time integral)
•Flow = CSA x Velocity
•Flow = CSA x TVI
•FlowLVOT = FlowAV
•CSALVOT x VelocityLVOT = CSAAV x VelocityAV
•CSALVOT x TVILVOT = CSAAV x TVIAV This is the stroke volume through that valve. |
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Term
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Definition
–Qp/Qs is used for determining the presence of a shunt and the direction
–Qp/Qs = (SV Qp site) ÷ (SV Qs site) where:
Qp = flow rate at the shunt location
Qs = flow rate at the shunt location
SV = Stroke volume (stroke volume is CSA X TVI)
–The location for determining the stroke volume depends upon the location of the shunt |
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