Term
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Definition
Overriding aorta Pulmonary stenosis R ventricular hypertrophy Ventricular septal defect |
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Term
| In a shunt blood is usually pushed from the _____ to the ____ side. |
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Definition
| From the left to the right (b/c L side is stronger) |
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Term
| Shunts that are normal before birth |
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Definition
1. Foramen ovale = R atrium → L atrium (lets blood bypass lungs) 2. Ductus arteriosus = pulmonary trunk → aorta (lets blood bypass lungs) 3. Ductus venosus = visceral veins → vena cava (bypassing the liver)
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Term
| 4 major clinicopathologic forms of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
Coronary heart dz Cerebrovascular dz Atherosclerosis of aorta PVD |
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Term
| Lipid transport in the body |
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Definition
•Dietary lipids are absorbed as chylomicrons •Adipose + muscle cells take up lipids from chylomicrons •Chylomicron remnants = IDL's •IDL's become LDL's which can deliver fat to the liver and by other tissues •LDL receptors are necessary for liver to uptake them •Some LDLs are taken up by scavenger cells (like macrophages) •HDL's are made in the liver → go out into periphery and pick up lipid → carry lipid back to liver |
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Term
| Stable versus unstable plaques |
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Definition
•Stable -Thick fibrous caps -Partially block vessels -Tend not to form clots or emboli •Unstable -Thin fibrous caps -Plaque can rupture and cause clot to form → clot may break free and become embolus
-May completely block artery
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Term
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Definition
•Stable = pain when hearts oxygen demand increases
•Variant = pn when coronary arteries spasm
•Silent myocardial ischemia = myocardial ischemia w/o pn
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Term
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Definition
•Primary (>90%) = cause unknown •Secondary = renal, endocrine, neurogenic, drugs
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Term
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Definition
•On inhaling the RV fills with extra blood •Heart cannot fully expand •LV is compressed and cannot accept much blood •On the next heart beat the LV does not send out much blood •Drop in systolic BP
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Term
| Thromboangitis obliterans (Burger Dz) |
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Definition
•Affects medium sized arteries •Dz of heavy cigarette smoking men b/n 25-40 y.o. •Predominant sx = pn |
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Term
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Definition
How easily the lungs can be inflated Depends on: -Elastin and collagen fibers -Water content -Surface tension |
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Term
•Dissolved oxygen •Oxgyen bound to Hb |
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Definition
•PaO2 or PO2 (normal = >80 mmHg) •Oxyhemoglobin (normal = 95-97% saturation)
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Term
•Dissolved CO2 •CO2 bound to Hb |
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Definition
•PaCO2 or PCO2 (normal = 35-45 mmHg) •Carbaminohemoglobin
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Term
| CO2 relationship to blood pH |
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Definition
Carbonic acid ↔ bicarbonate + H+ Exhale → less CO2 → less carbonic acid → increase in pH
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Term
| 2 respiratory centers in brain |
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Definition
1. Medulla oblongota = controls rate 2. Pons = controls depth
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Term
| Chemoceptors that adjust respiration rate |
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Definition
1. Central chemoceptors -Measure PCO2 and pH in CSF -Increase respiration when PCO2 increases or
pH decreases
2. Peripheral chemoceptors -Measure PO2 in arterial blood -Increase respiration when PO2 <60 mmHg
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