Term
Antihistamines
Blk resp histamine; capill constrict, smooth muscles relax, ↓HR |
|
Definition
Allegra, Benadryl
Claritin, Zyrtec
Drowsy,no hvy machinery/haz act |
|
|
Term
Decongestants
↓nasal membr; relieve nasal stuffiness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antitussives
↓cough reflex in CNS |
|
Definition
Tessalon Perles
Robitussin DM
Codeine (opioids) ↓RR, ↓HR, const |
|
|
Term
Expectorant (Mucolytics)
Liquefy/thin resp secretions |
|
Definition
Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
Mucinex
Mucomyst |
|
|
Term
Beta-Adrenergic Agonist
Relax/dilate bronchi/bronchioles
RELIEF OF ACUTE SYMPTOMS |
|
Definition
Albuterol, liq, inh, SQ, IM, IV
Levalbuterol, inh
Terbutaline, IV
h/a, tremors, ↑HR, ↑ BP
Inh best route (3-5 min) |
|
|
Term
Xanthine Derivatives
Relax/dilate bronchi/bronchioles
MAINTENANCE DRUG |
|
Definition
Theophylline, PO, inh, IV(severe)
10-20mcg/ml
avoid foods ↑xanthines (coffee, cola, chocolate); toxicity (restless, agitated, insomnia, chest pain) |
|
|
Term
Corticosteroids
Stabilize rel histamine
↓inflam, edema, secretions
MAINTENANCE DRUG |
|
Definition
Methylprednisone
Beclomethasone
Fluticasone |
|
|
Term
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Block Leukotriene
Prevent bronchoconstriction
MAINTENANCE DRUG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Prevent rel of substcause bronchoconstr
MAINTENANCE DRUG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loop Diuretic
Inhibit Na reabsp ↑Loop of Henle |
|
Definition
Lasix
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Term
Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibit Na reabsp ↑ Loop of Henle/ distal tubules |
|
Definition
Chlorothiazide
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Term
Potassium Sparing
Inhibit Na reabsp distal tubules/ collecting ducts |
|
Definition
Spironolactone
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Term
Osmotic
shift in fl to move into renal tubules from surrounding tissue |
|
Definition
Osmitrol
circulatory overload |
|
|
Term
Antispasmodics
Cholinergic Blocking Agents
Inhibit bladder contractions, delay urge to void |
|
Definition
Ditropan
Detrol
anticholinergic effects
safety, pill fragments in stool |
|
|
Term
Analgesics
Relieve pain w/ irritation ↓GU tract |
|
Definition
Pyridium
orange urine/ tears
stain fabric/contacts |
|
|
Term
Anti-Infectives (Uroseptics)
Treat UTI; Interfere w/ bacterial mult in urine |
|
Definition
Nitrofurantoin
GI Upset, ↑fl, perineal hyg, take ALL |
|
|
Term
ACE Inhibitors
Inhibits angiotensin I to II to rennin (↓peripheral arterial resistance) |
|
Definition
Captopril
Enalapril
dizzy, cough, salty/metallic taste |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive Agents
Diuretic
Inhibit Na reabrp ↑ Loop of Henle |
|
Definition
Lasix
hyponatremia, hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
Beta Blockers
Inhibit sympathetic stim
(↓BP, ↓HR) |
|
Definition
Atenolol
Metoprolol
h/a, hypotension (orthostatic) |
|
|
Term
Vasodilators
Relax peripheral vascular sm muscles |
|
Definition
Hydralazine
h/a, hypotension (orthostatic) |
|
|
Term
Positive Inotropic Agents
Treat CHF aka Cardiac Glycosides |
|
Definition
Digoxin
0.5 – 2.0 ng/L
Antidote = Digibind
Interacs: K+ sparing diuretics & Beta Blockers
Adverse (toxicity): N/V, restless/ irritable, confused, disoriented, bl vision, white halos on dark objects, arrhythmias
Ck HR: ↓60 or ↑100, DO NOT GIVE MED
Monitor Digoxin & K+ lvls |
|
|
Term
Antidysrhythmic Agents
Treat dysfunctional heart rhythms
Treat ab electrophysiologic funct, Class I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, III, & IV |
|
Definition
Lidocaine
Adenosine
Sotolol
h/a, dizzy, bl vision; emer equip avail
Monitor ECG, electrolyte lvl |
|
|
Term
Antiangina Agents
Nitrates
IMMEDIATE RELIEF |
|
Definition
Nitroglycerin
SL (preferred), PO, oint, patches, translingual spray, IV
h/a, hypotension |
|
|
Term
Antiangina Agents
Beta-Blockers
↓HR & ↓force contraction
LONG TERM PREVENTION |
|
Definition
Metoprolol
h/a, hypotension |
|
|
Term
Antiangina Agents
Ca Channel Blockers
LONG TERM PREVENTION |
|
Definition
Procardia
Norvasc
Cardizem
h/a, hypotension |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulant: Parenteral
Inhibit clot formation; binds to antithrombin III-turn off clot factors |
|
Definition
Heparin, IV (aPPT/PTT)
Enoxaparin, SQ
Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
Bleeding; Int w/other anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulant: Oral
Inhibit clot, Vit K clot factors
(II, VII, IX, X) |
|
Definition
Coumadin (PT/INR)
Antidote: Vit K
Bleeding;Int w/other anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
Antiplatelet
Block cyclooxygenase→inhibits thromboxaneprevent→formation platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Thrombolytic
Convert plasminogen to plasmin, which lyse clots |
|
Definition
Streptase
Alteplase
Bleeding |
|
|
Term
Fibrin Agents
aka Antifibrinolytic Agents
Promote clot by inhibiting fibrin lyses |
|
Definition
Amicar
Blood clot (thrombus) |
|
|
Term
Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors or “statins”; Inhibit cholesterol synthesis (↓ production) |
|
Definition
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
GI disturbance, ↑liver enzyme lvls, rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
↓absp bile acids intestine→liver use cholesterol to make more bile (↓absp) |
|
Definition
Cholestyramine
GI disturbance, ↑liver enzyme lvls, rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
Fibrinic Acid Derivatives
↓absp/production, ↓triglyceride |
|
Definition
Gemfibrozil
GI disturbance, ↑liver enzyme lvls, rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
Niacin
↓metabolism of cholest & triglycerides |
|
Definition
Niacin (B3)
GI disturbance, ↑liver enzyme lvls, rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confusion and impaired thought processes (Potassium Supplements) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac arrhythmias (Kayexalate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confusion, tachycardia, irritability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| edema, thirst, convulsions, coma |
|
|
