Term
| Corticosteroids/cyclphosphamide |
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Definition
| immunsuppression, for Polyarteritis Nodosa |
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Term
|
Definition
| increases BP via vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
| BB first/CCB alternate (stable angina), BB+ACEI (unstable angina), ACEI+BB+aldosterone antagonist (history of MI), goal <130/85 |
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Term
|
Definition
| ACEI/BB (asymptomatic), ACEI/BB/ARB/aldosterone blocker/loop diuretic (symptomatic), goal <130/85 |
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Term
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Definition
| ACEI/ARB, thiazides not good if GFR<30 or creatinine>2.5 (switch to loop diuretic), goal <130/85 |
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Term
| Thiazide-like diuretics (hydorchlorothiazide, chlorthialidone) |
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Definition
| inhibit Na+/Cl- symporter (ENCC1) mainly at Distal Convoluted Tubule, increased renal excretion of Na+/K+/Cl-/Mg2+, increase resorption of Ca2+, 1x daily oral therapy, for mild HTN/edema/hypercalciuria/nephrogenic diabetes, side effects of HYPONATREMIA/ARRHTYMIA/hyperuricemia/hypercalcemia/glucose intolerance/hyperlipidemia/erectile dysfunction/rash/fever/malaise |
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Term
| Loop Diuretics (ethacrynic acid, torsemide, bumetanide, furosemide) |
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Definition
| MOST EFFECTIVE "HIGH CEILING" DIURETICS, increase excretion of Na+/K+/Ca2+/Mg2+, rapid onset oral (30min) or IV (5min), for EDEMA/HTN/hypercalcemia, low half-life (not as good as thiazides for moderate HTN), side-effects of dehydration/circulatory collapse/hypokalemia/hyponatermia/hypomagnesemia/hyperglycemia/dyslipidemia/hyperuricemia/metabolic acidosis/OTOTOXICITY (worse IV) |
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|
Term
| hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidomide |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loop diuretic, non-sulfonamide (no allergies), increased ototoxicity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| loop diuretic, longer half-life |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| K+ Sparing Diuretics (amiloridine, traimterene) |
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Definition
| block Na+ channels (ENaC) in collecting duct, reduced K+ excretion, for preventing/correcting hypokalemia, side-effects of hyperkalemia/nausea/vomiting/diarrhea and headache (amiloridine)/leg cramps and megaloblastic anemia (triamterene) |
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Term
|
Definition
| K+ sparing diuretic, diarrhea/headache |
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Term
|
Definition
| K+ sparing diuretic, leg cramps/megaloblastic anemia |
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Term
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone) |
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Definition
| block mineralocorticoid receptor (aldosterone), decreased ENaC and Na+K+, decreased resorption of Na+ and decreased excretion of K+/H+, ATPase activity, for hypokalemia/CHF, side-effects of hyperkalemia/hyponatremia/gynecomastia and menstrual abnormalities and GI upset and rash (spironolactone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mineralocorticoide receptor antagonist, gynecomastia/menstrual abnormalities/GI upset/rash |
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Term
|
Definition
| mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist |
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Term
| ACE Inhibitors (-pril drugs) |
|
Definition
| inhibit ACE conversion of AI to AII and bradykinin metabolism, cause vasodilation and decrease GFR, no changes to sympathetic reflex, 1-2x daily therapy, rapid BP fall if high renin, progressive BP fall independent of renin, for CHF/HTN/diabetes/kidney disease, decrease preload/afterload in CHF, decrease proteinuria in diabetes/kidney disease, side-effects of cough/angiodema/hypotension/hyperkalemia/LOSS OF TASTE, DO NOT USE IN PREGNANT PATIENTS |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitor, non-prodrug (active form) |
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Term
| Angiotensin Recepter Blockers (-sartan drugs) |
|
Definition
| antagonize AT1 (AII) receptor, more selective/less side-effects than ACE inhibitors, 1x daily therapy, takes 4wks for effect, less coughing/angioedema due to no inhibition of bradykinin metabolism, DO NOT USE IN PREGNANT PATIENTS (risk to fetus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Angiotensin Receptor Blockers |
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|
Term
| Direct Renin Inhibitors (aliskiren) |
|
Definition
| block renin, no conversion of angiotensin to AI |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine drugs, diltiazem, verapamil) |
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Definition
| inhibit L-type (slow) Ca2+ channels, cause vasodilation |
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|
Term
| Dihydropyridine Class CCBs (-dipine drugs) |
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Definition
| greter affinity for smooth m, cause tachycardia/peripheral edema |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| CCBs, dihydropyridine class |
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|
Term
| Non-Dihydropyridine Class CCBs (verapamil, diltiazem) |
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Definition
| greater affinity for SA/AV nodes, cause AV block/bradycardia/heart failure/constipation |
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Term
|
Definition
| non-dihydropyridine class CCBs |
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Term
| Nonselective B-Antagonists (nadolol, propranaolol, timolol) |
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Definition
| block both B1 and B2, more adverse effects |
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|
Term
| nadolol, propranolol, timolol |
|
Definition
| non-selective beta blockers |
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|
Term
| Cardioselective B-antagonists (atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol) |
|
Definition
| greater affinity for B1 than B2, limited to low doses |
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Term
| atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol |
|
Definition
| cardioselective beta blockers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| for mild-severe HTN, upregulation of B-receptors can cause rebound HTN (taper dose 10-14 days), PREFERRED FOR MI/ISCHEMIA/CHF, avoid in AV block/bradycardia/COPD/diabetes, side-effects of fatigue/depression/insomnia/bradycardia/dyslipidemia/glucose dysfunction |
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Term
| Beta blockers with Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (acebutolol, pindolol, penbutolol) |
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Definition
| less decrease in HR/CO, for HTN prone to bradyarrhythmia/vascular disease, side-effects like other BBs with less bradycardia/dyslipidemia |
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Term
| acebutolol, penbutolol, pindolol |
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Definition
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|
Term
| B-blockers with a-blocking (carvedilol, labetolol) |
|
Definition
| a-blockade causes decreased TPR, B-blockade reduces baroflex-mediated increase in HR/renin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| B-blockers with a-blocking |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute decrease in arterial and venous resistance/reflex increase in HR/renin, chronic vasodilation and normal HR/CO/renin, lowers triglycerides/increases HDL, EXTREME POSTURAL HYPOTENSION AFTER FIRST DOSE (TAKE AT BEDTIME), a1-selective, for mild HTN/men with BPH, side-effects of dizziness/vertigo/sedation/headache/palpitations/fluid retention |
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Term
|
Definition
| a-antagonists, 1x per day |
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Term
|
Definition
| a-antagonist, 2-3x per day |
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Term
| a2 agonists (clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa) |
|
Definition
| stimulate a2 in NTS, decrease sympathetic vasomotor function/renin release, side-effects of sedation/xerostoma/bradycardia/heart block/withdrawal |
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|
Term
| clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a2 agonist, converted to methyline, causes coombs+ anemia/hepatitis |
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Term
| Sympatholytics (reserpine) |
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Definition
| deplete neurotransmitters by blocking VMAT, severe depression/GI cramps/ulcers |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Direct vasodilators (minoxidil, hydralazine, nitroprusside) |
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Definition
| side-effects of tachycardia/fluid retention/flushing/headache/aggravated angina, ALWAYS USE WITH DIURETIC FOR EDEMA AND BB FOR TACHYCARDIA |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| direct vasodilator, opens K+ channels in smooth m., closes Ca2+ channel (less contraction), causes pericardial effusion/hypertrichosis/angina, works when other drugs fail, SAVE FOR SEVERE HTN |
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Term
|
Definition
| direct vasodilator, opens K+ channels, inhibits IP3 mediated Ca2+ release, stimulates NO production from ECs, for chronic HTN/HTN crisis/HTN from preeclampsia, cuases angina/LUPUS-LIKE SYNDROMA (ANA, less at <200mg/day) |
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Term
|
Definition
| direct vasodilator, produces NO, for HTN crisis/CHF, continuous IV, uptaken in RBCS and converted to CN, treat with sodium thiosulfate, causes metabolic acidosis (CN) and anorexia/nausea/fatigue/spasms/psychosis (thiocyanate toxicity) |
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Term
| Dopamine Agonists (fenoldopam) |
|
Definition
| activate D1 receptors, arteriolar dilation (especially kidneys), decreases TPR, stimulates Na+ excretion, rapidly metabolised, continuous IV, for HTN emergencies |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alter electrolyte imbalance, avoid in pregnancy |
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|
Term
| Nitroprusside, fenoldopam, labetolol, hydralazine, phentolamine |
|
Definition
| drugs for hypertensive emergency |
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Term
|
Definition
| a-blocker, for pheochromocytoma |
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