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Definition
| the process by which a living organism used food to acquire energy and raw materials to do biological work, to grow, to replace tissues that are lost |
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| are the chemicals that supply the energy and the raw material |
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| organic compounds that are much smaller in size than the energy nutrients and which are required in the diet in small amounts for normal biochemical processes to proceed. |
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| are inorganic chemicals that are required for normal biochemical processes to proceed. |
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| are those that he human body cannot synthesize from precursor molecules and are required for the biochemical processes to proceed normally. |
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| organic molecules comprised entirely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. CH20 |
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| the simplest dietary carbohydrates containing 6 carbons and having the general formula C6H12O6 |
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Definition
are carbohydrates in which two monosaccharides are bonded together.
Ex: maltose-2 glucose molecules; lactose-contains a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule; sucrose-contains a glucose and fructose molecule. |
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long chains of glucose.
Ex: starch- obtained from plants; glycogen--polymer of glucose in which animals store glucose. |
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| polymer of glucose obtained from plants that has bonds that are not broken by human digestive enzymes and is therefor not digested. major component of dietary fiber. |
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| What does simple sugar refer to? |
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Definition
| monosaccharides & disaccharides |
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| What is a complex carbohydrate? |
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Definition
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| are carbon chains that have an organic acid group at one end of the molecule. |
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| molecules comprised of three fatty acid chains bonded to a glycerol molecule |
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Definition
| contains no double bonds in the carbon chain. solid |
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Definition
| contains one or more double bonds. liquid |
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Definition
| are organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. the oxygen is contained in the organic acid group on the molecule. there are about 20 different kinds and 13 of them are essential nutrients. |
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Definition
| very large molecules that are comprised of chains of amino acids |
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| what percentage of fat, carbohydrates and protein should the diet contain? |
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Definition
| fat=30%, carb 60%, protein 10% |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamin c & the b vitamins. vitamins excreted in the urine, do not accumulate in tissues. will not accumulate toxic levels but needed to be regular in the diet. |
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| vitamins a, d, e, & k can accumulate in fatty tissues in the body and are not readily excreted in the urine. can accumulate to toxic levels. |
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| necessary for the metabolism of energy nutrients found in meat, milk, grains, and fruits. |
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| water-soluble vitamin necessary for metabolism, but not evenly distributed in food. found in milk and milk products |
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Definition
| water soluble, can be found in protein. amino acid tryptophan can be converted into this |
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Definition
| ascorbic acid-water soluble viatmin that acts as an antioxidant and that is required for normal collagen synthesis. |
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| fat soluble, necessary to assure normal vision, mucous membranes and skin, bone growth. abundent in fruits, vegetables, milk, and liver, but absent in grains |
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| fat-soluble vitamin that is necessary for the mineralization of bone. the body can synthesize it with the help of sunlight. found in eggs, liver, and fish. milk too. |
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Definition
| found in vegetable oils, an antioxidant necessary in the diet to protect polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membranes from the effects of oxidation. |
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Definition
| fat-soluble vitamin that is necessary for blood clotting. deficiencies can lead to hemorrhage. synthesized in the intestinal tract of the human by bacteria that naturally reside there. found in green leafy vegetables, cabbages, and milk. |
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Definition
| bone and tooth structure, regulation of transport of other minerals, necessary for muscle contraction, blood clotting, |
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Definition
| bone and tooth structure, DNA and RNA, activation of B vitamins, ATP, cell membranes. |
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Definition
| water balance, nerve and muscle contraction |
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| present in all proteins and is necessary for maintaining the shape of proteins in the body. Skin, hair and nails have proteins with high sulfur content. |
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Definition
| nerve and muscle conduction, water balance, blood volume. High levels of sodium are thought to contribute to elevated blood pressure. |
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Definition
| water balance, pH balance, protein digestion in the stomach |
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| stored in bone. Necessary for protein synthesis and ATP production. |
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| = weight in kg/(height meters)2. |
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| obesity's threat to public health |
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Definition
| premature death, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, breathing problems, arthritis, reproductive complications, gall bladder disease. |
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Term
| basic metabolic rate (BMR) |
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Definition
men = 1kcal/kg/hr x 24 hrs
women = .9kcal/kg/hr x 24 hrs |
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Term
| elective energy expenditure |
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Definition
need an additional BMR
sedimentary - 50%
moderately active - 70%
very active - 100% or more. |
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