Term
|
Definition
| Movement away from the median plane |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Movement toward the median plane |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| nearer to the trunk of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further from the trunk of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outer wall of a body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Visera or internal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lying horizontal with face palms downwards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lying horizontal with face palms upward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The skin consists of two layers |
|
Definition
the epidermis--the outer layer
the dermis--the second layer of skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thick on palms of the hands and soles of feet
Thin over other areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
living tissue
capillaries
lymphatic vessels
nerve endings
hair follicles
sebaceous glands (oil)
sweat glands (sudorieferous) |
|
|
Term
| Hypodermis-subcutaneous tissue composed of |
|
Definition
loose connective tissue
adipose tissue with blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Glands in the Dermis two important glands: |
|
Definition
1. Sudoriferous glands -produce sweat
2. Sebaceous glands-produce oil |
|
|
Term
| Visible part of the hair is called the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the part that embedded in the dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the half shaped moon located at the base of the nail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Degrees of burns
first degree is caused by what?
|
|
Definition
epidermis is damaged
skin redness:erythema
acute sensory stimili: hyperesthesia |
|
|
Term
| second degree burn is caued by what? |
|
Definition
epidermis is damaged as well as the dermis
formation of fluid filled blisters
recovery is usually slow, but complete with no scar formation |
|
|
Term
| what degree burn has blisters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of degree burn destroys both the epidermis and dermis? |
|
Definition
third degree
some underlying connective tissue is damaged
skin-waxy and charged
insensivity to tough
ulcerating wounds develop, scar tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stage one
no invasion of other tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stage two
regional lymph nodes-no abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| What stage is no evidence of mestastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage is stage four? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage are T1 T2 T3 and T4 in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stage is large with extensive local invasion into surrounding tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stages are stage three? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage indicates metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of skin cancer? |
|
Definition
Basal cell carcinoma
-malignancy of the stratum germinativum (basal cell layer of the epidermis)
-hair follicles over exposed to sunlight resulting in malignancy |
|
|
Term
| which type of skin cancer is invasive, potenial for mestatasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some causes of squamous cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
repeated overexposure to teh suns ultraviolet rays
radiation therapy
chronic skin irritation and inflammation
exposure to local carcinogens (tar and oil)
hereditary diseases
presence of premaligant lesions |
|
|
Term
| what is the most lethal skin cancer, metastasize extensivley to the liver, lungs and brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does malignant maloma commonly begin with? |
|
Definition
| begin with a dark pigmented mole |
|
|
Term
| causes for malignant melanoma: |
|
Definition
1. fair complexion, blue eyes, red or blonde hair and freckles
2. excesive exposure to sunlight
3. severe burns during childhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep seated pyogenic infection of the skin involving subcutaneous tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single boil in adjoining bacterial infection of a hair follicle or sebaceous gland that produces a pus filled lesion called a boil. |
|
|
Term
| what is an acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
signs and symptoms:
localized heat
redness, pain and swelling and occasionally:
fever
malaise
chills
headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is a skin discoloration: bruise
large area
colors changing from blue black to greenish brown or yellow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is acute chronic skin inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is skin redness caused by the swelling of the capillaries
mild sunburn'
blushing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
thickened area of epidermis
callus
wart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
and is a smaller verison of ecchymosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is a chronic skin disease
circumscribed red patches
covered by:
thick
dry
slivery
adherent scales
excessie development of the basal layer of the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
any sever bleeding disorder
hemorrage into the tissues, beeath the skin or mucous membranes
-any blood disorder beneath the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
any fungal disease and body part affected
aka:ringworm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Allergic reaction of the skin
-eruption of pale red elevated patches: wheals/hives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milky white patches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Warts: plantar (bottom of foot)
juvenile
venereal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the tube that leads to the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a saclike structure located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coiled twenty foot long tube that begins at the pyloric sphincter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
small intestine-three parts:
1. uppermost
2. middle
3.last |
|
Definition
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum |
|
|
Term
| what begins at the ileum adn extends to the anus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does digestion take place in the large intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the large intestines only secretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest glandular organ in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what produces bile, removes glucose and stores it as glycogen (starch)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What organ stores
B12
A
D
E (too much make you bleeed)
K (good for klotting) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organ destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilibrubin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what organ produces blood proteins?
what are they? |
|
Definition
liver
prothrombin
fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
what do prothrombin and fibrinogen do?
if prothrombin high what does this mean? |
|
Definition
aid in blood clotting
it takes you a long time to clot |
|
|
Term
| what organ maintains normal glucose levels in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organ is an enlarged somewhat flattened organ that performs both endocrine and exocrine functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organ secretes insulin insulin directly into the blood stream to maintain normal blood glucose levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organ produces two typs of hormones? glucagon and insulin? |
|
Definition
pancreas
alpha-glucagon
beta-insulin |
|
|
Term
| what is the saclike structure on the inferior surface of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the storage for bile?
when bile is needed where is it secreted into? |
|
Definition
gallbladder
duodenum-via the common bile duct |
|
|
Term
| what is a circumscribed lesion (open sore) of the skin or mucous membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ulcer that develops in the stomach
ulcer that develops in the colon
ulcer that develops in the duodenum |
|
Definition
gastric uler
colitis
duodenal ulcer |
|
|
Term
| what disease develops in the parts of the GI track that exposes hydrocloric acid and pepsin? |
|
Definition
| peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
|
|
Term
| what can lead to the cause of PUD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| releases a toxin that promotes mucosal inflammation and ulceration |
|
|
Term
| what do patients with PUD need to avoid? |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, caffeine, smoking, and alcohol. |
|
|
Term
| what is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum that commonly begins in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extends upward into the entire colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what disease is characterized by:
profuse watery diarrhea containing varying amounts of
blood
mucus
pus
characteristic inflammatory pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what disease is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does an inguinal hernia develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when the blood supply to the hernia is cut off because of pressure and necrosis develops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the protrusion of the intestine at the navel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what types of hernias are there in the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
diaphragmtic hernia
and
hiatial hernia |
|
|
Term
| what type of hernia happens when the lower part of the esophagus and the top of the stomach slides through the opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm into the thorax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
s/sx
heart burn
chest pain
swallowing difficulty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is a life threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself with occlusion of the blood supply?
this can lead to tissue death
perforation
inflammation of the peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enlarged veins in the mucous membranes of the anal canal specifically when they itch, hurt, or bleed. |
|
Definition
hemorrhoids
high fiber diet and drinking plenty of water will play a pivotal role in hemorrhoid prevention |
|
|
Term
| Infectious hepatitis (fecal to oral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Serum hepatitis (blood and boodie) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Yellowing of the skin and mucous membrane
Major symptoms of many liver disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it that the Liver can no longer remove??? It is a yellow product formed when erythrocytes are destroyed and the bile duct is blocked so it enters the blood stream instead. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the condition where small blisterlike pockets form in the large intestine inner lining that can possibley balloon through the intestinal wall?
What is it when it is inflammed? |
|
Definition
Diverticulosis
Diverticulitis |
|
|
Term
S/Sx:
Pain in the lower left quadrant
extreme constipation or diarrhea
fever
abdominal swelling
occasional blood in the bowel movements |
|
Definition
Diverticulitis
Treatment:
Bed rest
antibiotics
soft diet
in severe cases: excision of the diverticulum |
|
|
Term
| what type of cancer is associated with persistent indigestion has a high mortality rate and is more common in men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Epithelial lining of the Large Intestine
S/Sx:
changes in bowel habits
passage of blood and mucus in the stools
rectal or abdominal pain
anemia
weight loss
obstruction and perforation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Partial obstruction with constipation alternating with diarrhea
lower abdominal cramping pain
lower abdominal distention |
|
Definition
| sigmoid and rectum cancer |
|
|
Term
What is an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen?
can be due to cirrhois of the liver
high blood pressure
cancer
heart failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rumbling or gurgling noises
passage of gas through liquid contents of the intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General lack of nutrition and wasting occuring in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
S/Sx:
Fever
Cramping
Diarrhea
Weight Loss
Chronic inflammation usually of the ileum but can be anywhere from the mouth to the anus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a degenerative disease of the Liver?
-Hepatic cells are replace by fibrous tissues that impairs the flow of blood and lymph within the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ accompanied by pain, especially of the colon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon.
Causes: Ingesting water or food that contains chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, parasites that results in BLOODY DIARRHEA (associated with traveling) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epigastric discomfort felt after eating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability or difficulty swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
S/Sx:
Heartburn
Esophagitis
Chest Pain
Backflow of Gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the spincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus. |
|
Definition
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
|
|
Term
Vomiting of Blood
Bright Red Blood
Upper GI Bleeding commonly associated with: Peptic Ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Abdominal pain
Altered bowel function:
Constipation
Diarrhea
or both alternating
Agfravating factors: Stress and Anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passage of Dark Colored Tarry Stools, due to presence of blood altered by intestinal juices. Upper GI bleed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wave like motion that occurs involuntary in hollow tubes of the body, esp. the GI tract. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric orfice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Passage of Fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it.
Due to insufficent pancreatic enzymes
or malabsorption syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where air is filtered, heated and moistened |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stricture on top of the larynx, seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing. Ensures that food or liquids do not obstruct the flow of air to the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passageway for food and air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trachea divides into two braches called bronchi
Each bronchus divides into smaller branches called bronchioles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchioles terminate to form |
|
Definition
aveoli
resemble a small balloon because it expands and contracts with inflow and outflow of air. |
|
|
Term
Lungs are divide into how may lobes?
How many lobes in the right lung?
How many lobes in the left lung? |
|
Definition
5
3-right
2-left lung (heart is there) |
|
|
Term
Space between the right and left lungs
contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Serous membrane that envelops the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innermost membrane lying next to the lung |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outermost membrane which lines the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cavity located between the visceral and parietal pleura contains a small amount of lubricating fluid which allows for the visceral pleura to glide over the parietal pleura during breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Empysema |
|
Definition
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Respiratory Diorder characterized by a chronic partial obstruction of the air passages. |
|
|
Term
| When a patient experiences difficulty breathing (dyspnea) on exertion, and a chronic cough this is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what condition produces spasms in the bronchial passages typically sudden and violent (paroxysmal)? |
|
Definition
Asthma
caused by:
Allergies
Irritants
Stress
Cold
Exercise
Coughing episodes produce large amounts of mucus. |
|
|
Term
Inflammation of the bronchi primarily caused by:
smoking
air pollution
viruses
bacteria
S/Sx:
Heavy productive cough accompanied by chest pain
more severe: exercise intolerance and wheezing and shortness of breath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Decreased elasticity of the aveoli
they can not contract to their original size
*barrel chest appearance*
easier for them to breathe standing up and usually combined with other disorders such as: asthma, TB, chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute Infectious respiratory disease caused by viruses. |
|
Definition
Influenza
type A-very strong, causes worldwide epidemics. Occurs every 2-3 years.
Type B-limited geographically. Less severe than type A.
Type C: Mild Flu |
|
|
Term
S/Sx:
fever
Chills
headache
generalized muscle pain
loss of appetite
recovery in about 7-10 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Highly communicable and spreads by droplets of respiratory secretions OR particles of dry sputum containing TB. |
|
Definition
Tuberculosisi
TB can survive and remain infections for 6-8 months outside of the body. |
|
|
Term
| What bacterial disease can infect the lungs, bones, genital tract, meninges and peritoneum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Any inflammatory disease of the lungs:
S/Sx:
chest pain
mucopurulent sputum
spitting of blood
can be caused by: bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete viscous mucus that clogs ducts or tubes of the pancreas, digestive tract, and sweat glands. |
|
Definition
Cystic Fibrosis
Due to the excess of mucus the body's immune system will turn to attack the lungs. |
|
|
Term
| Bronchogenic carcinoma the most common cancer associated with tobacco use. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excessive acidity of the body fluids associated with pulmonary insufficiency and retention of carbon dioxide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absence of or decrease in the sense of smell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporary loss of breathing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Repeating breathing patterns
fluctuations in the depth of respiration
first deeply
then shallow
then not at all |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes Respiration |
|
|
Term
Common childhood condition inflammation of the larynx, trachea, or bonchial passages.
Resonant barking cough suffocative and difficult breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
S/Sx:
Resonant Barking Cough
Suffocative and difficult breathing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enlargement of the fingers and toes associated with pulmonary disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of oxygen in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absence or deficiency of oxygen in the tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Inflammation of the pleural membrane
S/Sx:
Stabbing Pain increased when coughing or breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crackle: Abnormal respiratory sound heard on ausculation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Disease caused by
inhaling dust particles
coal dust
stone dust
iron
asbestos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Commonly caused by: Heart failure extravascular fluid accumulates in the lung tissue and alveoili |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Breath sounds like snoring/rattling
Indicates that there is an obstruction due to:
Secretions
Mucosal Secretions
Tumor Tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
High pitched sound due to turbulent air flow in the upper airway.
if this is heard-something needs to be done immediatley |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whisteling or sighing sound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Characteristic of:
Asthma
Croup
Hay Fever
Obstructive Emphysema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A blood filled localized dialation of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of a vessel wall-usually an artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A lack of a steady rhythm
could be too fast
too slow
regular or irregular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also called a murmur (vascular not cardiac) the sound that blood makes as it rushes past an obstruction in an artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mass of undissolved matter that circulates until it becomes lodged in a vessel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mass of undissolved matter (usually a clot of blood) that circulates until it becomes lodged in a vessel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Usually referring to the heart, these are spontaneous muscle contractions or quiverings that prevent effective contractions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Too much fat lipids in the blood. Cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides. |
|
Definition
|
|
