Political Ties within region
Revolutionary upheavals
Anti-American movements
Movements towards democracy
School of the Americas

Economic Interests within region

-Push to “prosecute the military personnel and police who had killed the disappeared”-More than 10,000 suspects

-Economy push to clean foreign debt

-Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
First Argentine Woman directly elected to presidency
Second woman President

-90% is of Eueropean descent

-1-3 human cow ratio

-Emilio Bourdain

-1940s Frenchemigrated to emigrated to Uruguay

Capital of Paraguay is Asuncion

• Military rule (1964-1984
• 1964- General Humberto Castillo Branco

-Ousted Populist Joao Goulant

-Army Chiefs of staff gain power

-Repressive military rule and political violence

-Issued institutional Act 5

-Luiz Inacio "Lula" da Silva

-Dilma Rousseff

ÐShut down Congress

ÐSuspended habeas corpus

ÐExtended powers of the military to censor the press

ÐCurtailed democratic rights

-1st woman president elected

-2nd woman president

-2003-2010

-1st working class president

-Labor union leader

-founded workers party

• -Forgotten corner because little info is known, small area, and no international flights so little tourism

• -In Guyana. 45% indian heritage, 30 west African and 17 mixed heritage
• Suriname is Dutch speaking
• French Guiana is not its own country but a French property

• Simon Bolivar
• Afro colombians given freedom through the wars of independence
• Women played an important role in the wars of independence

• Venezuela
• Colombia
• Ecuador

• Constitutional Charter of 1821

• Law of Free Birth

• “Indigenas”- term for Indigenous

• 1917-Puerto Rican residents granted U.S. citizenship
• 1947-Puerto Rico attempted self-government
• 1952- Island granted “commonwealth status” within the U.S. 
• Operation Bootstrap (50s-60s) 
• Governor Luis Muñoz Marín –Chief Executive

• popular because he implemented many benifical reforms and improved living conditions
• socialist
• Venezuela( caracass)

• Asians and Koreans migrated to in the 40-50s
• sancocho is made with leftover ingredients
• Independence from France-1821
• Independence from Haiti-1844

• US encouraged investments -tax holidays
• Change in social/economic life
• -sugar estates=factories
• -industrilization thrived

Result Massive unemployment 

Migrations to U.S.= “Nuyoricans” (40%)

2 Puerto Ricos: “One on the Island and One on the Mainland”

• Jose Marti
• Independence. US battleship Maine exploded in Cuba port and blamed Spain. Spanish-American war where Spain withdrew.

"Raceless Society"

Liberatador de Cuba

• Maurice Bishop
• Ousted Gairy
• Prime Minister of Grenada
• New Jewel Movement

• jah is God
• rastafari is natural living
• ganja is a natural herb
• Jah-b loves castro because he gives an equal share to everyone

• improved health care, decrease mortaility rates and improve education
• most forced into prostitution and drugs
• Need to even the distibution of wealth

• Dutch enriched themselves by the transatlantic slave trade and piracy
• west indies compant is govt trade. tried trade monopoly
• 20% of slaves died due to hard conditions, disease, and poor nutrition.
• Papiamento is the language which incorporates, spanish, french, dutch and english

• 1791- Haitian rebels "Black Jacobins" revolt under leadership of Toussaint
• Wanted Sovereignty under France
• 2nd free nation in the Americas
• 1st independent black country in the world

• Lieutenant of Toussaint Lead Haiti to IndependenceJanuary 1, 1804
• Haiti proclaimed nation free from colonial rule

• 1795- spain ceded DR to France
• 1804- Haiti independence
• 1821 spanish restored to power
• 1822-1844 Haitian occupation
• 1844 independence from Haiti
• 1861-1865 returned to spanish by president
• 1865- “Guerra de la Restauracion” –Restoration of Dominican Sovereignty against Spanish forces