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Cultural Geography
Chapter 2: population
44
Geography
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2013

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Term
overpopulation
Definition
the relationship between the number of people on earth and the availability of resources
Term
why does development vary among regions
Definition
because of economic indicators
Term
what is the HDI ?
Definition
THE HUMAN DEVLOPMENT INDEX created by the UN and recognizes that a country's level of development is a function of 3 factors
Term
What are the 3 development factors?
Definition
a decent standard of living (economic) access to knowledge (education), and a long and healthy life (demographic factors)
Term
Countries with high HDI
Definition
Russia, japan, australia, new zealand, and south korea
Term
why is the study of population important
Definition
more ppl alive today than at any other time in history, world's pop increased at a faster rate during 2nd half of the twentieth century than ever b4, virtually all pop growth occurs in less developed countries
Term
cartogram
Definition
map that shows population concentration of certain area
Term
2 thirds of world's pop
Definition
east asia, south asia, europe, and south east asia
Term
countries in east asia, south asia, europe, and south east asia?
Definition
china, india, monocco, and indonesia
Term
which country has the highest HDI among the LDCs?
Definition
Latin America
Term
LDC countries
Definition
southwest asia, central asia, sub saharan africa
Term
where do 1/4 of the world's ppl live?
Definition
East Asia
Term
where is the largest population concentration in the western hemisphere?
Definition
northeastern us and south eastern canada
Term
What percent of americans are farmers?
Definition
2 %
Term
ecumene
Definition
the portion of the earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Term
where do most ppl in europe live?
Definition
cities
Term
what is the world's largest country in land area?
Definition
russia
Term
what is the world's most populous country?
Definition
china
Term
what is the most populous country in africa?
Definition
nigeria. half of the west africa concentration is found here
Term
people generally avoid which kind of areas?
Definition
dry, wet, cold, and high lands
Term
countries that have high altitudes
Definition
mexico city, and lima, peru
Term
most people in south asia are
Definition
farmers living in rural areas
Term
which continent forms the 3rd world's largest pop. cluster
Definition
europe
Term
countries in south east asia
Definition
java, sumatra, papa new guinea, phillipines
Term
arithmetic density
Definition
measures the # of ppl per area of land. usually square kilometers or square miles
Term
physiological density
Definition
a rough measure of a country's food security
Term
agricultural density
Definition
a measure of development as machines are used in more developed countries
Term
natural increase rate
Definition
the percentage by which a population grows in a year
Term
crude birth rate
Definition
the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 ppl alive in the society
Term
crude death rate
Definition
the total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 ppl alive in the society
Term
doubling time
Definition
the number of years needed to double a pop
Term
fertility
Definition
total fertility rate (TFR)measures the number of births in a society
Term
IFR Infant Mortality Rate
Definition
the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births
Term
life expectancy
Definition
measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
Term
population pyramids
Definition
a bar graph showing a place's age and sex composition
Term
what determines the shape of a population pyramid
Definition
crude birth rate but also includes age distribution and sex distribution
Term
demographic transition
Definition
the process of change of a country's population structure
Term
the five stages of demographic transition
Definition
stage 1: (very high CBR, CDR, low NIR)no countries in this stage.
stage 2: still high CBR and NIR, decline in CDR. industrial revolution occurs
stage 3: moderate growth (drop in fertility brings down birth rate and NIR)because women have family planning and are educated. ie chile
stage 4:low growth (negative or zero pop growth) more developed ie denmark or US
stage 5: decline in growth ie japan. Might be a problem
Term
Why does population decline in more devoloped countries?
Definition
mothers have less children
Term
Thomas Malthus
Definition
wrote "an essay on the principle of Population". population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically. He predicted over population before the industrial revolution
Term
what are some criticism of malthus
Definition
pessimistic viewpoint. failure to consider technological innovation
Term
Some reasons why population change in future?
Definition
declining birth rates, reliance on economic development, distribution of contraceptives.
Term
epidemiological transition
Definition
the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of ppl
Term
stages of epidemiological transition
Definition
stage 1:pestilence and famine (high CDR)ie the black plague in 1348.
stage 2: receding pandemics (cholera and dr. jon snow, birth of GIS.
Stage 3: degenerative diseases ie heart disease and cancer
Stage 4: delayed degenerative diseases. medical advances prolong life
stage 5: possible reemergence of infectuous diseases?
possible reasons are evolution, poverty, and improved travel.
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