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Cultural Geography Final
Vocabulary Words for Geography Final
54
Other
Undergraduate 1
05/01/2011

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Term
Actor-Network Theory
Definition
A body of thought that emphasizes that humans and nonhumans are linked together in a dynamic set of relations that, in turn, influence human behavior. It challenges the idea that humans have free will.
Term
Human Geography
Definition
A branch of geography centered on the study of people, places, spatial variation in human activities, and the relationship between people and the environment. This is contrary to physical geography.
Term
Political Ecology
Definition
An offshoot of cultural ecology that studies how economic forces and competition for power influence human behavior, especially decisions and attitudes involving the environment. Paul Robbins in Lawn People says that there are numerous forces working that cause us to care for our lawn other than we just want to.
Term
Culture
Definition
A social creation consisting of shared beliefs and practices that are dynamic rather than fixed, and a complex system that is shaped by people and, in turn, influences them.
Term
Site
Definition
The physical characteristics of a place, such as its topography, vegetation, and water resources.
Term
Situation
Definition
The geographic context of a place, including its political, economic, social, or other characteristics.
Term
Spatial Variation
Definition
Changes in the distribution of a phenomenon from one place or area to another.
Term
Spatial Association
Definition
The degree to which two or more phenomena share similar distributions. A good example is the relationship between forest density and poverty levels.
Term
Distribution
Definition
The arrangement of phenomena on or near the Earth's surface
Term
Spatial Diffusion
Definition
The movement of a phenomenon, such as an innovation, information, or an epidemic, across space and over time. How does fashion, gossip, a flu virus, or hi-tech gadgets spread through a population? These questions get at the core of spatial diffusion.
Term
Distance Decay
Definition
The tapering off of a process, pattern, or event over distance. Population density decreases the further the distance from the city. Burglars usually strike within a close radius to their house.
Term
Popular Culture
Definition
The practices, attitudes, and preferences held in common by large numbers of people and considered to be mainstream. Music, TV shows, video games, cars, clothing. Rapid change in the way of fads is a characteristic of popular culture.
Term
Acupuncture
Definition
An ancient form of traditional chinese medicine that promotes healing through the insertion of needles into the body at specific points
Term
Allopathic Medicine
Definition
Medical practice that seeks to cure or prevent ailments with procedures and medicines that have typically been evaluated in clinics
Term
Capital
Definition
Financial, social, intellectual, or other assets that are derived from human creativity and are used to create goods or services
Term
Cartel
Definition
Entity consisting of individuals or businesses that control the production or sale of a commodity or group of commodities, often worldwide
Term
Commodification
Definition
The conversion of an object, a concept, or a procedure once not available for purchase into a good or service that can be bought or sold
Term
Conflict Diamonds
Definition
Diamonds sold to finance wars or terrorist activities
Term
Consumption
Definition
Broadly defined as the use of goods to satisfy human needs and desires
Term
Glocalization
Definition
The idea that global and local forces interact and that both are changed in the process
Term
Heritage Industry
Definition
Enterprises, such as museums, monuments, and historical and archaeological sites, that manage or market the past
Term
Local Culture
Definition
The practices, attitudes, and preferences held in common by the members of a community in a particular place.
Term
Mystical Ecology
Definition
The interrelationship between an awareness of cosmic forces and human use of the environment
Term
Qanat
Definition
A system of water supply that uses shaft and tunnel technology to tap underground water resources
Term
Rationality Doctrine
Definition
The attitude and belief that Europeans were rational and that non-Europeans, especially colonized peoples, were irrational; closely associated with diffusionism
Term
Social Capital
Definition
The social ties, networks, institutions, and trust that members of a group use to achieve mutual benefits.
Term
Traditional Medicine
Definition
Medical practices, derived from a society's long-established health-related knowledge and beliefs, that are used to maintain or restore well-being
Term
Vernacular Architecture
Definition
The common structures - dwellings, buildings, barns, churches, and so on - associated with a particular place, time, and community
Term
Age-Dependency Ratio
Definition
The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 65 as a proportion of the working-age population
Term
Arithmetic Density
Definition
The number of people per unit area of land
Term
Asylum
Definition
Protection from persecution granted by one country to a refugee from another country
Term
Circulation
Definition
The temporary, often cyclical, relocation of an individual or a group from one place to another
Term
Internally Displaced Persons
Definition
People forcibly driven from their homes into a different part of their country
Term
Migration
Definition
The long-term or permanent relocation of an individual or group from one place to another
Term
Pull Factors
Definition
Favorable conditions or attributes of a place that attract migrants
Term
Push Factors
Definition
Unfavorable conditions or attributes of a place that encourage migration
Term
Refugee
Definition
One who flees to another country out of concern for  personal safety or to avoid persecution
Term
Transnationalism
Definition
In migration studies, the process by which immigrants develop and cultivate ties to more than one country
Term
Creole Language
Definition
A language that develops from a pidgin language and is taught as a first language
Term
Dialect
Definition
A particular variety of language characterized by distinctive vocabulary, grammar, and/or pronunciation
Term
Endangered Language
Definition
A language that is no longer taught to children by their parents and is not used for everyday conersation
Term
Extinct Language
Definition
A language that has no living speakers
Term
Hearth
Definition
A place or region where an innovation, idea, belief, or cultural practice begins
Term
Language
Definition
A system of communication based on symbols that have agreed-upon meanings
Term
Language Family
Definition
A collection of languages that share a common but distant ancestor
Term
Lingua Franca
Definition
A language that is used to facilitate trade or business between people who speak different languages
Term
Linguistic Diversity
Definition
The assortment of languages in a particular area
Term
Linguistic Diversity Index
Definition
A measure that expresses the likelihood that two randomly selected individuals in a country speak different first languages
Term
Linguistic Dominance
Definition
A situation in which one language becomes comparatively more powerful than another language
Term
Loanword
Definition
A word that originates in one language and is incorporated into the vocabulary of another language
Term
Pidgin Language
Definition
A language that combines vocabulary and/or grammatical practices from two or more languages that have come in contact
Term
Toponym
Definition
A place-name
Term
Atheistic
Definition
The belief that there is no deity
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