Term
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Definition
| holistic study of everything to do with humankind across space and time |
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Definition
| study of social structures/systems |
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| archaelogical anthropology |
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Definition
| the study of human behavior through material remains |
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| biological anthropology (physical anthropology) |
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Definition
| the study of human biological variation in time and space |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of language and linguistic diversity in time, space, and society |
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Definition
| comparative studies of different cultures using data collected by other researchers |
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Term
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Definition
written/collected data from fieldwork
-or-
the process of doing a field study |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding culture by learning, studying, and fieldwork |
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Term
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Definition
| using understanding of a culture to help solve modern day problems |
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Term
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Definition
| when we see our own society as the right and normal society; we are superior and look down on other societies |
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Term
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Definition
| accepting another culture on its own terms without prejudging it |
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Term
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Definition
| traditions and customs transmitted through learning that form and guide beliefs and behaviors of people exposed to them |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to understand how to behave in a new environment when first meeting it |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby we learn our birth culture by being born into it |
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Definition
| taking on a new culture when moving to a new place |
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Term
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Definition
mental/behavioral abnormalities that are closely tied to a specific culture and unknown in other cultures
ex: anorexia
running amok |
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Term
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Definition
| an ideal personality type for a culture; could be physical appearance; having a modal personality makes it easy to get rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of humans that share a cultural background |
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Definition
| an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis; classifies people by phenotypes(physical traits) |
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Term
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Definition
| social status based on little or no choice; usually born into it |
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Term
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Definition
| social status based on choices or accomplishments |
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Term
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Definition
| ascribed status; outcasts in Japan; believed to have impure blood because ancestors worked in occupations involved with death-- slaughter, execution, butchers etc |
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Term
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Definition
| achieved social status; hundreds of categories to choose from; can change from day to day |
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Term
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Definition
| when people are automatically ascribed to the historically lower background |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of peole that have a sense of common land, hsitroy, language, religion, and culture, but live without a modern country of their own |
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Term
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Definition
| a political structure, government with geographical boundaries, stratified and self-managed, recognized by world community |
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Term
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Definition
| a politcal entity that self-governs, has geographical boundaries, and common cultural identity |
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Term
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Definition
| the modern scientific study of language |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of a sound that contatins a meaning for the listener |
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Definition
| a sound that changes meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| worlds all cultures must develop because they are universal |
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Term
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Definition
| words that are needed for details of a culture |
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Term
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Definition
| all languages are sufficiently complex for speakers' needs |
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Term
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Definition
| what speakers must know about their language to speak it correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| language influences culture |
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Term
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Definition
| looks at the way a language is formed and structured |
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Term
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Definition
| studies the phenomenon of when a language seperates from parent language |
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Term
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Definition
| studies change in structure of a language over time |
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Term
sociolinguistics
(speech performance, code switching) |
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Definition
| studies how language is used in social situations |
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Term
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Definition
| studies connection between a culture and their language |
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Term
| Black English Vernacular (BEV) |
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Definition
| Rule-governed dialect spoken by some African Americans |
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Term
| Activities in a field study |
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Definition
- interviews
- geneologies->marriage, kinship, children
- photography
- notes on life histories
- use key informants->people from soceity who agree to work with you
- keep personal diary
- create formal field notes
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Term
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Definition
| perspective from inside the society |
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Term
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Definition
| researcher's interpretation/analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple field study visits over a long period of time |
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Term
| Steps in doing a field study |
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Definition
- Select a group to study
- Do research: have they been studied before? Can new info be gathered?
- Request permission from tribal group
- Get permission from modern gov't
- Find financial support
- Learn the language
- Settle personal business
- Get travel docs/medical needs attended
- Upon arrival: announce why you are there and take up role given to you and stick with it
- Find informants. start at top of hierarchy
- Activate your research methodology
- organize written notes
- write your report
- publish it
- share with others
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