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| An economic system dominated by a supply and demand market designed to create profits and capital |
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| Cultural domination of a people by larger wealthier powers |
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| Holistic Term that emphasizes the centrality of the material interest and the use of power to protect said interest. |
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| persistence of profound social and economic entanglements linking former colonial territories to their former rulers despite sovereignity |
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| classification systems based on systematic organization into types based on shared attributes |
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| Unilinear Cultural Evolutionism |
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| 19th century theory that proposed a series of stages through which all societies must go through in order to reach civilization |
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| form of social organization found among foragers. A small group of people usually with less than 50 people. Labor is evenly divided according to age and sex/social relation is highly egalitarian |
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| Enduring aspects of the social forms in a society including its political and kinship systems |
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| form of social organization generally larger than a Band usually farm or heard for a living. Social relations relatively egalitarian although there may be a chief who speaks for the group. |
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| form of social organization in which the leader and their relatives are set apart from the rest of society allowed privileged access to wealth and power |
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| the limits of borrowing or the diffusion of a particular cultural trait or set of traits |
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| particular features or parts of a culture tradition such as dances, rituals, etc |
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| Stratified society that possesses a territory that is defended from outside enemies by an army and interanl disorder by police. Is run by an elite that have a monopoly on the use of force which is used to collect tax and enforce law |
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| Structural-Functional Theory |
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| explores how particular social forms function from day to day in order to reproduce the traditional structure of their society |
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| system of arbitrary vocal symbls we use to encode our experiences of the world |
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| Scientific study of language |
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Dell Hymes
to refer to the mastery of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech |
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Norm Chomsky
mastery of adult grammer |
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| set of rules t describe patterns of linguistic usage observed by members of a particular speech community |
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| Linguistic Relativity Principle |
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Edward Sapir + Ben Wharf
assert that language has the power to shape the way people see the world |
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| Study of the sounds of language |
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| study of the minimal units of meaning in a language |
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| study of sentence structure |
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| strech of speech longer than a sentence united by common theme |
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| study of language use that relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is constituted |
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| form of thought and language that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different semantic domains |
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| study of language in the context of use |
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| language with no native speakers that develops in a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct languages |
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| ways of representing the integration between social forms and the forms of talk |
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| process by which people organize and experience information that is sensory in origin |
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| examples of typical instances, element within a culturally relevant semantic domain |
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| pattened repetative experiences |
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| ways that individuals from different societies learn to interpret what they see and to construct mental pictures using visual practices from their own culture |
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| the mental process human beings use to gain knowledge and the nexus between the mind at work and the world in which it works |
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| Elementary Cognitive Process |
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| The ability to make abstractions, reason inferentially, categorize and perform other mental tasks common to all humans without cognitive impairment |
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| Functional Cognitive systems |
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| culturally linked sets of cognitive processes that guide perception, conception, reason and emotion. |
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| refers to an entire group, kind or class in a general or exclusive way |
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| Schemas that sort groups of things into subgroups in a way that the subgroups are mutually exclusive. Thus all subgroups share the defining characteristic of the group but at least one characteristic that makes them exclusive to their subgroup. Usually results in heirarchy |
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| a way of viewing the world that breaks it up into smaller and smaller pieces. which can be organized into larger chunks People who use the style consider things apart fromm their context. |
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| Recurring patterns of cognitive activity that characterize an individual's perceptual and intellectual activities |
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| a view of the world that is holistic people who use such a style first see a bundle of relationships and only later see the bits and pieces that are related. |
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| reasoning based on the syllogism a series of three statements in which the first two statements are the premises and the last is the conclusion. |
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| active cognitive process that involves going beyond the information given. |
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| the product of dialect between bodily arousal and cognitive interpretation. it is comprised of states values and arousals |
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| how we understand a cognitive task, how we encode the information presented to us and what transformations the information undergoes as we think. |
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| process of human beings living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling that are considered appropriate in their respective cultures |
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| process of humans living as material organisms who are living together with similar organisms cope with the behavioural rules established by society |
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| The relative integration of an individual's perceptions motivations cognition and behaviour within a socio-culture matrix |
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| the result of socialization and enculturation for an individual |
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| The felt interior experience of the person that includes his or her positions in the field of relational power |
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| violence that results from the way that political and ecnomic forces structure risk for various forms of suffering within a population |
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| Events in life generated by forces and agents external to the person and largely external to their control and specifically to events generated in the setting of war/armed conflict |
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| a framing device that is consciously adopted by the players, somehow pleasurable and systematically related to what is non-playing by alluding to the non-play world and by transforming objects, roles, actions and ends characteristic of the non-play world |
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| cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviour as play or ordinary life |
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| Communicating about the process of communicating |
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| critically thinking about the way one thinks reflecting on ones own experiences |
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| A physically exertive activity that is aggressively competitive within the constraints imposed by definitions and rules. A component of culture it is ritually patterned and of varying amounts of play, work and leisure |
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| play with form producing some aesthetic successful transformation representation |
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| Transformation Representation |
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| the process in which experience is transformed as it is represented symbolically in a different medium |
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| Stories whose truths seem self evident because they d such a good job of integrating our personal experiences with a wider set of assumptions about the way society must operate |
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| Corrective doctrine-the prohibition of deviation from approved mythic texts. |
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| repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of symbolic activities in the form of dance or song, speech, gestures or manipulation of objects, adhering to a culturally defined ritual schema and closely connected to a specific set of ideas that are often myths |
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| unstructured or minimally structured community of equal individuals frequently found in rites of passage |
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| ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage in which a person undergoing the ritual are outside the ordinary social positions |
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| Ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another |
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| Corrective practice the prohibition of deviation from approved forms of ritual behaviour |
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| form of thought and language that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different semantic domains |
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| second part of a metaphor which suggests the familiar domain of experience that may clarify the metaphorical subject |
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| First part of metaphor which indicates the domain of experience that needs to be clarified |
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| encompassing picture of reality created by members of a society |
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| serve as foundation for a world view |
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| all attributes of a metaphorical predicate that relate it to the culturally defined domain of experience to which it belongs |
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| culturally defined relationship of the parts of a semantic domain to the domain as a whole and of the whle to its parts |
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| A world view metaphor whose model for the world is social order |
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| technological metaphor that employs computers as predicates |
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| world view metaphor that applies the image of the body to social structures and institutions |
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| Ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses |
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| world view metaphor that employs objects made by human beings as predicates |
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| religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals which are carried out for the benefit of the group |
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| Part time religious practitioner who is believed to have the power to travel to or contact the supernatural forces directly on behalf of individuals or groups |
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| set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific purposes |
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| performance of evil by human beings believed to pocess an innate nonhuman power to do evil whether or not is intentional or self aware. |
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| Invisible forces to which people address questions and whose responses they believe to be truthful |
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| synthesis of old religious practice with new ones introduce from outside often by force |
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| A conscious deliberate and organized attempt by some members of a society to create a more satisfying culture in a time of crisis |
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| Separation of religion and state, including a notion of secualr citizenship that owes much to the notion of individual agency developed by the Protestent theology |
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| Patterning of Human interdependance in agiven society through the actions and decisions of its members |
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| freedom of self contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance |
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| Study of social power in human society |
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| Transformative capability |
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| Persuading subordinants to accept the ideology of the dominant groups by mutual accomodations that preserve the rulers position of priviledge |
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| World view that justifies the social arrangements under which people live |
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| the art of governing appropriate to promoting the welfare of populations within a state |
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Karl Marx
Deep separtion that workers seemed to experience between their sense of identity and the labour they were force to perform to earn enough money to live |
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| Pervasive sense of rootlessness and normlessness ina society |
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| Agreement to which all parties collectively give their consent |
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| power based on verbal argument |
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| power to refuse being forced against one's will to conform to another's wishes |
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| Essentially Negotiable Concepts |
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| Culturally recognized concepts that envoke a wide range of meanings and whose relevance in any particular context must be negotiated |
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