Which of the following most characterizes anthropology among disciplines that study humans?

A.  It studies foreign places.

B.  It includes biology.

C.  It uses personal interviews of the study population.

D.  It is holistic and comparative.

E.  It studies only groups that are thought to be "dying."

What is the most critical element of cultural traditions?

A.  their stability due to the unchanging characteristics of human biology.

B.  their tendency to radically change every 15 years.

C.  their ability to survive the challenges of modern life.

D.  their transmission through learning rather than through biological inheritance.

E.  their material manifestation in archaeological sites.

D. their transmission through learning rather than through biological inheritance.

Over time, how has  human reliance on cultural means of adaptation changed?

A.  Humans have become increasingly less dependent on them.

B.  Humans have become entirely reliant on biological means.

C.  Humans have become increasingly more dependent on them.

D.  Humans are just beginning to depend on them.

E.  Humans no longer use them.

The fact that anthropology focuses on both culture and biology

A.  is unique to the kind of anthropology found in Europe.

B.  is the reason it has tradtionally studied primitive societies.

C.  is a product of the participant observation approach.

D.  allows it to address how culture influences biological traits and vice versa.

E.  is insignigicant, since biology is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by cultural anthropologists.

D. allows it to address how culture influences biological traits and vice versa.

In this chapter, what is the point of describing the ways in which humans cope with low oxygen pressure in high altitues?

A.  to illustrate human capacities of cultural and biological adaptation, variation, and change.

B.  to expose the fact that "it is all in the genes"

C.  to show how culture is more important than biology

D.  to describe how humans are among the world's least adaptable animals.

E.  to stress the rising propularity of extreme sport anthropology

A. to illustrate human capacities of cultural and biological adaptation, variation, and change.

Four-field anthropology

A.  was largely shaped by earl American anthropologists' interests in Native Americans.

B.  is unique to Old World anthropology.

C.  stopped being useful when the world became dominated by nation-states.

D.  was replaced in the 1930's by the two-field approach.

E.  originally was practiced in Europe, because of a particularly British interest in military behavior.

A. was largely shaped by earl American anthropologists' interests in Native Americans.

The study of nonhuman primates is of special interest to which subdiscipline of anthropology?

A.  cultural anthropology

B.  archaeological anthropology

C.  linguistic anthropology

D.  developmental anthropology

E.   biological anthropology

E. biological anthropology

All of the following are true about practicing or applied anthropology except that

A.  it encompasses any use of the knowledge and/or techniques of the four subfields to identify, assess, and solve practical social problems.

B.  it has been formally acknowledged by the American Anthropological Association as one of the two dimensions of the discipline.

C.  it is less relevant for archaeology since archaeology typically concerns the material culture of societies that no longer exist.

D.  it is growing

E.  it has myany applications because of anthropology's breadth.

C. it is less relevant for archaeology since archaeology typically concerns the material culture of societies that no longer exist.

Which of the following terms is defined as a suggested by yet unverified explanation for observed things and events?

A.  hypothesis

B.  theory

C.  association

D.  model

E.  law

A. hypothesis

The scientific method

A.  is limited to ethnology since it is the aspect of anthropology that studies sociocultural differences and similarities.

B.  is a powerful tool for understanding ourselves since it guarantees complete objectivity in research.

C.  is the best and only reliable way of understanding the world.

D.  characterizes any anthropological endeavor that formulates research questions and gathers or uses systematic data to test hypotheses.

E.  only applies to the analysis of data that leads to predictions, not associations.

D. characterizes any anthropological endeavor that formulates research questions and gathers or uses systematic data to test hypotheses.