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| The tracing of kinship relationships through parentage |
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| marriage within a particular group or locality |
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| Marriage outside a particular group or locality |
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| A coresidential group that compromises more than one parent - child unit |
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| A group of people who consider themselves related through a form of kinship, such as descent, marriage, or sharing |
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| A domestic unit containing one adult couple (married or partners) with or without children. |
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| Marriage of one wife with more than one husband. |
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| Marriage of one husband with more than one wife. |
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| Marriage involving multiple spouses. |
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| A person's standing in society based on qualities that the person has gained through action. |
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| A person's standing in society based on qualities that the person has gained through birth. |
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| A form of social stratification linked with Hinduism and based on a person's birth into a particular group. |
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| The dominance of women in economic, social, political, and ideological domains. |
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| Literally, a racial mixture; in Central and South American, idigenous people who are cut off from their Indian roots, or literate and successful indigenous people who retain some traditional cultural practices. |
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| A set of hierarchical relationships among different groups as though they were arranged in layers, or "strata". |
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| The dominance of men in economic, political, social, and ideological domains. |
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| A person's position, or standing, in society. |
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| The ability to take action based on a person's achieved or ascribed status or moral reputation |
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| The form of political organization of foraging groups, with flexible membership and minimal leadership. |
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| A form of political organization in which permanently allied tribes and villages have one recognized leader who holds an "office" |
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| A binding rule created through enactment or custom that defines right and reasonable behavior and is enforceable by the threat of punishment. |
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| The ability to take action in the face of resistance, through force if necessary. |
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| Processes that, through both informal and formal mechanisms, maintain orderly social life. |
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| A concept of fairness based on social equality that seeks to ensure entitlements and opportunities for disadvantaged members of society. |
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| A group of people who share a language, culture, territorial base, political organization, and history. |
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| A form of political organization in which a centralized political unit encompasses many communities, a bureaucratic structure, and leaders who possess coercive power. |
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| A form of political organization that compromises several bands or lineage groups, each with a similar language and lifestyle and occupying a distinct territory. |
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| Organized and purposeful group action directed against another group and involving lethal force. |
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| A form of revitalization movement that emerged in Melanesia in response to Western and Japanese influences. |
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| The attempt to compel supernatural forces and beings to act in certain ways. |
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| A narrative with a plot that involves the supernatural. |
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| Beliefs and Behaviors related to supernatural beings and forces. |
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| A socio-religious movement, usually organized by a prophetic leader, that seeks to construct a more satisfying situation by reviving all or parts of a religion that has been threatened by outside forces or by adopting new practices and beliefs. |
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| Patterned behavior that has to do with the supernatural realm. |
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| a form of cultural change in which a minority culture becomes more like the dominant culture. |
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| A form of cultural change in which a culture is thoroughly acculturated, or decultured, and is no longer distinguishable as having a separate identity. |
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| Change directed toward improving human welfare. |
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| The spread of culture through contact. |
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| A model of change based on belief in the inevitable advance of science and Western secularism and processes, including industrial growth, consolidation of the state, bureaucratization, a market economy, technological innovation, literacy, and options for social mobility. |
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| The lack of tangible and intangible assets that contribute to life and the quality of life. |
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| The intangible resources existing in social ties, trust, and cooperation. |
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The Minangkabau of Indonesia:
It is the world's largest matrilineal culture. Located in Indonesia and Malaysia, they are primarily farmers (rice). Women hold power through control of land passed down through the lineage, the products of the land, and agricultural employment on their land. Inheritance goes from mothers to daughters. In the household, the senior woman controls the power. Water Buffaloes are a symbolic component of their culture. They are mostly Muslims. |
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The Roma of Eastern Europe:
The Roma are Europe's largest minority population. They are concentrated in Eastern Europe and originated in northern India. They are very mobile and generally live in poverty. Social discrimination against them has increased. The global economic crisis in 2008 led to increased ethnic violence against the Roma throughout Eastern Europe. Some people blame Romas for taking away jobs from non-Roma people. |
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The Kurds of the Middle East:
The majority of Kurds are Sunni Muslims. Kurdish kinship is strongly patrilineal, and Kurdish family and social relations are male dominated. Their home region, called Kurdistan, extends from Turkey into Iron, Iraq, and Syria. They used to be Herders but after the war many were unable to continue to follow their tradition grazing routes. Now some are farmers or work in cities. They have long attempted to establish an independent state with little success. They experience significant oppression. |
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Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China:
The Hui are one of China's largest designated minorities and most live in the northwestern part of the country. About 60,000 Hui live in the "Old Muslim Quarter" of Xi'an, China. They have strict rules on the kinds of meat they are able to eat, like pork. They consider alcohol to be very impure as well. Many make a living in the restaurant business. In 2003, an urban development project was launched in the old muslim quarter. |
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Peyizan Yo of Haiti:
The people in the countryside of Haiti are often called perizan yo, a Creole term for small farmers who produce for their own use and for the market. Many also participate in small scale marketing.Haiti has a very high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. In 1804 Haiti became the first free country in latin america and the first in the western hemisphere to abolish slavery. However, this brought economic and political isolation to the country. Dont forget the devastating 2010 earthquake as well as drug trafficking problems! |
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