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Cultural Anthropology 102
The Human Challenge: Chapter 10
16
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2011

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Term
Kinship
Definition
A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations.
Term
Descent Group
Definition
Any kin-ordered social group with a membership in the direct live of descent from a real (historical) or fictional common ancestor.
Term
Unilineal Descent
Definition
Descent that establishes group membership exclusively through the male or female line; also known as unilateral descent.
Term
Matrilineal Descent
Definition
Descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership.
Term
Patrilineal Descent
Definition
Descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership; also known as agnatic or male descent.
Term
Lineage
Definition
A unilineal kinship group descended from a common ancestor or founder who lived four to six generations ago, and in which relationships among members can be exactly stated in genealogical terms.
Term
Clan
Definition
An extended unilineal kinship group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor, usually legendary or mythological.
Term
Fission
Definition
The splitting of a descent group into two or more new descent groups.
Term
Totemism
Definition
The belief that people are related to particular animals, plants, or natural objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits.
Term
Phratry
Definition
A unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that supposedly share a common ancestry, whether or not they really do.
Term
Moiety
Definition
Each group that results from a division of a society into two halves on the basis of descent.
Term
Kindred
Definition
An individual's close blood relatives on the maternal and paternal sides of his or her family.
Term
EGO
Definition
The central person from whom the degree of each relationship is traced
Term
Eskimo System
Definition
Kinship reckoning in which the nuclear family is emphasized by specifically identifying the mother, father, brother, and sister, while lumping together all other relatives into broad categories such as uncle, aunt, and cousin; also known as a lineal system.
Term
Hawaiian System
Definition
Kinship reckoning in which all relatives of the same sex and generation are referred to by the same term.
Term
Iroquoise System
Definition
Kinship reckoning in which a father and a father's brother are referred to by a single term, as are a mother and a mother's sister, but a father's sister and a mother's brother are given separate terms. parallel cousins are classified with brothers and sisters, while cross cousins are classified separately but not equated with relatives of some other generation.
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