Carol Delaney

"Disorientation and Orientation"

• Anthropologists are initially disoriented when going out into the field
• experience culture shock; scared of unknown
• go thorugh an orientation- initiation rituals -> lessen shock
• Humans cannot exist w/o culture
• Culture includes & is produced by social relations; kinship;economic reations 
• Culture is Learned not inherited

Laura Bohannan

"Shakespeare in the Bush"

• Spoke with the Tiv in West Africa
• Thought one universally obvious interpretation 
• Found it varied completely based on cultural differences 
• The Tiv thought she was the one interpreting it wrong and felt they had to correct her

Horace Miner

"Body Rituals of the Nacirema"

• A comentary on classical anthropology
• Looking at Americans as if we were a foriegn culture and looking at our dental hygein rituals and medical rituals
• shows how you really can't be objective; classical anthro was very biased

Lauriston Sharp

"Steel Axes for the Stone-Age Australians"

• Missionaries and Westerners gave steel axes to the Yir Yiront of Australia 
• completely dismanteled their culture and social structure 
• they relied on the exchange of stone axes for social relations -> steel axes made those exchanges void

Renato Rosaldo

"Imperialist Nostalgia"

• Nostalgia or mourningfelt by the destroyers for the cultures or people they destroyed 
• This absolves the guilty party of guilt and responsibility

Marshall Sahlins

"Tribesmen in History and Anthropology"

• Tribes
• kinship/ancestory; you earn power positions; exchange/reciprocity important in economics; all politically equal; complexity limited by size
• States
• centralized governement set above population; ascribed status; stratified classes;  territorial entities under public authorities

Marshall Sahlins

"Poor Man, Rich Man, Big-Man, Cheif: Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia"

• Tribes
• Melanesia; up to 1000 ppl; Big-Men; segmental - politically unintegrated segments; based on multiple kinship groups and decent
• Chiefdoms
  
• Polynesia ; 1,000- 10,000+ ppl; Pyramid structure- subdivisions combine to an inclusive group; Chief inherits position through decent

Carol Delaney

"Relatives and Relations"

• different kinds of social relationships
• Dating-differs cross culturally (EX. Apache don't talk to each other; Americans do)
• Couples (EX. French vs American couples)
  
• Marraige- Union or Contract? (christian vs non-christian)
  
• in US we think it's a "FREE CHOICE" but then we are responsible; other country parents pick

Marcel Mauss

"The Gift"

• no such thing as "free gift"
• gift is alive; embodies giver /obligates reciever
• gifts generate social relationships

Terence Turner

"Representing, Resisting, Rethinking: Historical Transformations of Kayapo Culture and Anthropological Consciousness"

• Kayapo in Brazil
• Have relations of dependancy on local officials and missionaries through giving of "gifts"
• Transision of ways of thinking from: having self at center as "true humans" and those around you as "not human" 
• To: seeing themselves as linked to the other tribes through "ethnicity" (only makes sense in a nation-state)
• Form did not change but content did

Mark Anderson

"Bad Boys and Peacheful Garifuna: Transnational Encounters Between Racial Stereotypes of Honduras and the United States"

• From island of St. Vincent & run away slaves
• Last to be colonized by Europeans -> british deported them to Honduras
• Are they black or Indian? 
• last 20 yrs seen to occupy "Indigenous" but are considered "Black" -- indigenous more of a legal term
• Mixture of Carab & African

Thomas Eriksen

"Globalization"

• It standardizes, modernizes, deterritorializes, and localizes people 
• it takes place between people 

Gayle Rubin

"The Traffic in Women: Notes on the "Political Economy" of Sex"

• Sex/gender system- set of arrangments by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity
• kinship systems vary between culture and effect the organization of biological procreation
• the "gift" - woman exchanged in marraige 
• incest taboo - can't marry w/in own family; so marraige betwee fams form kin relations --> women are just a piece in the exchange

Nancy Scheper-Hughes & Margaret Lock

"The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology"

• Body is physical and symbolic
• Individual/Physical Body- mind is seperate from body in West; budism thinks mind should be one/w universal mind; Chinese ying-yang-- body in harmony/ w universe
• The Social Body- body as a natural symbol; body in health symbolizes organic wholeness/ body in sickness symbolizes social disharmony, conflict, disintegration
• The Political Body- body is a symbol "national body"; gov. taken control of how population cares for their body (ex. chinese birth policy, abortion laws, etc.) 

Mathew Wolf-Meyer

"Natural Hegemonies: Sleep and the Rythms of American Capitalism" 

Harry West 

Ethnographic Sorcery

• Traveled to Mozambique; studied the Muedan people and views on sorcery (sorcery lions; it all depends on belief)
• sorcery is a reconstrution of reality; everyone reconstructs their own reality 
• Ethnography is like sorcery -> it the authors reconstruction of the poeple he studies

James Cameron Monroe

"Urbanism on West Africa's Slave Coast"

• Kingdom of Dahomey in N. Benin (Abomey Plateau)
• major supplier of slaves in 17th-19thC.
• Major urban centers (Abomey & Cana) w/ numerous satelite cities; 27 palace sites
• major markets, potting, textile production
• controled trade & taxes --> economic inequality
• States emerge because leaders are selfish (coercive theory) 

Michael Dove

"Theories of Swidden Agriculture and the Political Economy of Ignorances"

• Myths: They are communal; they are nomadic; they are environmentaly degrading
• gov. uses these myths to justify the extension of external control into the territories of swidden ags. 
• play into myth of "dual economy" 

Marx & Engels

"Bourgeois and Proletarians" Communist Manifesto

• Theorized concept of class: capital vs. labor
• Means of production- resources used in production (labor, machinery, raw materials)
• Bourgeois- middle class, exploiters, own means of production
• Proletarians- working class, exhange/sell their labor
• Mode of Production- realtions of production & exchange; division of labor
• Capitalism: commodification, free market, seperates people from their labor
• Needs a constantly expanding market to be profitable -> making labor more efficient decreases its value
  

Foucault

"Method" History of Sexuality

• Power is NOT owned it is PRODUCED
• it is iminent; constant; it is a process
• it is positive
• a perpetucal battle

Lisa Rofel

"Liberation Stories"

• City of Hangzhou
• allowed women to work; but it didn't liberate all women just the ones that already had to work 
• it was shameful to be seen by men so it made it ok for those who already had to work
• women and men still were not completely liberated but the woman still were proud of it

Nellie Chu

"Ticking Clocks, Fabric Stitches, and Laboring Bodies: The Making of Fast Fashion in Guangzhou, China"

• Pearl-River Delta - each city focuses on one commodity
• Fashion is becoming more segmented rather than monopolized 
• issue of class still remains central to lively hood

Gale Westen

Traveling Light

• Living out poverty not living in poverty
• class is a social relationship
• arrives at a state of experience not a place

Steve Caton

Yemen Chronicles

• Traveled to Yemen to study the Poetry
• stayed in sanctuary rather than tribes
• two girls disappeared and fighting broke out (mens honor depended on the girls honor)
• he got arrested as a spy

Mayanthi Fernando

"Exceptional Citizens: Secular Muslim Women and The Politics of Difference in France"

• women feed into french gov. avoiding main problem and put it on islam 
• they take the problems of french gov. policy and turn them into problems with islam
• puts girls in 'impossible predicament': they must yet cannot assimilate

Lila Abu-Lughod

"Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and its Others"

• We use the excuse of "Saving" women to go to war
• fetishizing the veil and making it a point of controversy w/o asking the women themselves
• Cultural Relativism
• Culture Difference
• people don't understand the true politics behind the veil
• instead we should ask the women what they want; veil isn't top priority

Susan Harding

"Speaking is Believing"

• it is the Word of God that converts the unbeliever; that changes the heart
• Preaching/Witnessing
• Reality of truth is a linguistic one: god's voice and spirit are communicated/experienced through words
• conversion is 'a powerful clash resulting from the shirft from one realm of thought and action to another'
• the holy spirit "speaks" to your heart; it assumes your voice and "speaks" through you; speaking is believing

Susan Harding

"The Born-Again Telescandals"

• lots of money laundeirng scandals and sexual misconduct

Anna Tsing

"More-than-Human Sociality: A Call for Critical Description"

• social relations do not require human minds
• social relations between plants and fungi 

Heather Swanson

"When Hatchery Salmon Go Wild"

Edward Said

"Orientalism"

• not an airy European fantasy; it is a created body of theories
• binary opposition; in a vertical relationship
• West vs East; Occident vs Orient
• a European invention

Bride Service Societies

• All adults control distribution of their produce
• basic asymmetry in production relations: women feed families; men get to distribute food
• senior men free of obligation 
• Marraige is male accomplishment-not seen as an adult unless married (women reluctant to get married-can get everything from parents)
  
• Women decline in status when married
• Politics: Fighting over sexual assess to women

Bride Wealth Societies

• extended family households headed by eldermen
• size of house hold determines wealth- bigger=more workers
• marraige= exchange of valuables between elders of kin groups (Give away wives/daughters)
• Politics: debt negotitations

Dowery Societies

• Complex Agrarian Societies w/private property & state
• inheritance determines peoples life chances
• inequality based on land ownership
• Marraige: pass from dependence on parents -> building childrens' future estate
• Politics: woman's chastity/virginity
•            illigitimacy; men's honor based on mother's
•            sexual honor

Companionate Marriages

• Industrialized Societies w/State
• Class inequalities based on capital & labor
• Occupation and incomes
• Politics: distribution of wealth; Gender Violence
• Women's attractivness reflect men's worth (opposite of Dowery)

Jennifer Gabrys

"Becoming Urban: Sitework from a moss-eye view"

• difference between "green city" projects- thin vaneer for development; and "incorporation" projects
• birds/plants distinctly urban
• moss incorporates material evects of urban ecologies