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CTEL
last ones
34
Other
Professional
11/17/2010

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Term
validity vs. reliablity (in assessment)
Definition
validity: test accuratelymeasures what it is supposed to; is aligned with standards, is representative, etc.

reliability: yields predictably similar scores
Term
schemata (or schema)
Definition
one's prior knowledge or preconceived ideas; someone's mental categories; "schema-building" is an EL scaffolding technique
Term
ELD levels
Definition
1. Beginning
2. Early Intermediate
3. Intermediate
4. Early Advanced
5. Advanced
Term
etymology
Definition
study of the origins of words
Term
positive/negative language transfer
Definition
positive: skills used in L1 that transfer to L2 acquisition (e.g. reading left to right; common phonemes)

negative transfer: L1 skills that do not transfer to L2 (e.g., some phonemes, word-order -- syntax)
Term
digraphs
Definition
2 letters representing single phoneme ("ch")
Term
dipthongs
Definition
2 different vowel sounds produced when tongue moves from one vowel sound to another vowel in the same syllable (e.g. mouse, join)
Term
schwa
Definition
unstressed, barely pronounced (toneless) neutral vowel (e.g. "a" in about; "e" in taken)
Term
false cognates
Definition
words of two different languages that appear to be of the same meaning because they look alike, but in fact have different meanings (e.g. deception vs. decepcion (spanish for disappointment)
Term
social functions of language
Definition
Term
discourse competence
Definition
Term
differentiated instruction
Definition
Term
Language Experience Approach
Definition
an approach learning language that is rooted in student experience; employs various strategies to get students to write and tell their "stories" (writing, speaking, etc.); wholistic, constructivist, contextualized;
Term
ELD class vs. SDAIE class
Definition
ELD class/program -- students are LEARNING how to read, write, listen, speak in Academic English; Focus is on learning English

SDAIE class -- students are USING academic English skills to learn content; focus is on learning CONTENT (but mindful of academic language development goals)
Term
context clues
Definition
the use of information surrounding an unknown word or group of words to identify the unknown word.
Term
irregular sight words
Definition
"of" (it's not pronounced like it looks)
Term
semantic clues
Definition
the use of knowledge about the subject of a written text and words associated with that subject to identify an unknown word within the text
Term
syntactic clues
Definition
hints based on syntax that help a reader decode and comprehend a text.
Term
"think aloud" technique
Definition
Term
learning logs
Definition
technique that teachers use to help students integrate course content, comprehension, feelings; students make entries in their logs during the last (first) few minutes of class; the principle: the very act of writing can be educational
Term
discourse structures
Definition
Term
contrastive analysis
Definition
studying the similarities and differences of L1 and L2, in order to better understand what barriers/obstacles ELs face
Term
lowering student's 'affective filters'
Definition
1. providing supportive, constructive feedback
2. creating inclusive classroom environment
3. valuing and validating students' home culture/lang.
Term
different student-grouping strategies for diff. purposes
Definition
heterogeneous grouping for a non-language demanding activity where all students are able to contribute
- homogeneous groups for ELD instruction, frontloading, preview and review activities
Term
strategies for involving families and community
Definition
Term
Scaffolding Strategies
Definition
- modifying language (speed, articulation, repetition, etc.)
- activating students' prior knowledge
- using L1 when possible to make input comprehensible
- contextualizing language
- using media
- using realia
- using formative/summative assessment
Term
strategies for modifying materials to meet needs of EL
Definition
Term
strategies for promoting communicative interactions among students
Definition
Term
strategies to promote EL listening comprehension and speaking skills across the curriculum
Definition
- frontloading key vocabulary
- brainstorming Qs (schema building)
- coop. learning
- small group discussions
- role plays
- interviews
Term
primary language
Definition
L1
Term
decoding
Definition
analyzing/identifying words by identifying sound units
Term
inflectional endings
Definition
sounds which are added to words to indicate tense, possession, number or comparison
Term
metacognition
Definition
a student's reflection on his/her own thought processes.
Term
scaffolding
Definition
temporary framework of support in the educational setting to assist new learners;
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