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| grammatical relationship between words and phrases within sentences. (word order, word agreement) |
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| ing, ed, s(plural), s(possessive), s(subj-verb agreement) en, er, est |
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| cannot stand alone (prefixes, suffixes) |
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| smallest units of meaning in a language re, ment, farm, photo, cranberry = only one bc cran has no meaning on its own |
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| study of the structure of words and the smallest meaningful units that comprise them |
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| the study of systems and patterns of speech S O U N D S in a given language |
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| includes: phonology morphology syntax semantics register |
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| structure of language beyond sentence level (connection of sentences, information organized oral or written) "once upon a time..." |
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| socio-linguistic competence |
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Definition
| ability to use appropriate language in a variety of social settings |
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| knowledge a speaker must have to interpret meaning of utterances of situation or context (ceremony - interview - lunch with a friend) |
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| Free = independent, can stand alone (elephant, in, straw) |
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Definition
The following are found in which structure of language:
- rules that govern correctness of a sentence
- parts of speech
- pattern relations that govern the way words in a sentence come together
- simple to complex sentences
- rules need to be explicitly taught beginning at the intermediate level
- must be practiced orally and in written form
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Term
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Definition
The following are found in which structure of language:
- meaning
- individual words and longer units (phrases and sentences)
- sentence frames
DIFFICULTIES: multiple meaning words, false cognates, idioms language ambiguities
TEACH: what transfers
BE AWARE: of what does not transfer |
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Term
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Definition
The following are found in which structure of language:
- meaning of units
- dog vs dogs
- prefix suffix can change whole meaning
- bound and free
- inflectional endings (8)
- greek and latin roots
- irregulars can hinder EL learners
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Term
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Definition
The following are found in which structure of language:
- sounds
- difficulties between languages
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| meaningful parts of words from which we can derive other words Greek, Latin, Anglo |
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| study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in the sentence |
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| ability to use appropriate language in any given setting |
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| meaning in the context both verbal and non-verbal (hunting lions can be dangerous) |
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| inflection of the tone or pitch of the voice, specifically the use of stress or pitch to convey meaning |
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| rise at the end of a question, the rise and fall in pitch of the voice in speech |
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Definition
languages are tonal or atonal.
Most languages are tonal.
6 pitch registers in Chinese and each has a different meaning |
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Definition
These all fall under what sub-topic:
multiple meanings
synonyms/antonyms
homophones
homonyms |
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Definition
language use varies depending on the context or the location or the situation
- dialect
- register (language used in a certain situation - with boss, with spouse, business setting...)
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Term
| 3 facets of communicative competence |
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Definition
- Function (Discourse - spoken & written) and
(Pragmatics - verbal and non-verbal)
- Structure (Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax)
- Variation (styles such as for context and purpose)
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| Pragmatic Features of Oral and Written Language |
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Definition
gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, distance between speakers (proxemics)
- influenced by culture
- can be offensive to other cultures
- even smiling is culturally different
- lack of eye contact can show respect
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Pragmatic Features of Oral and Written Language
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Definition
touching, styles (registers), dialect, figures of speech, silence
- can cause misunderstandings (head patting)
- student, teacher, principal all different registers
- idioms are hard for EL learners
- everything is interpreted differently
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