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C, T, and L spine anatomy
anatomy of the complete spine
97
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
01/06/2011

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Cards

Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letter A?
Definition

Spinous Process of T1

The spinous process is superimposed on the vertebral bodies in the AP and PA views

It can be determined that this vertebrae is T1 by observing the 1st rib coming from the vertebrae

Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letter E?
Definition

Intervertebral Disk space

This is where the tough intervertebral disks are located. They provide a cushion for the vertebrae to help absorb shock during movement

Think of them as Dr. Sholls for your spine!

Term
[image]
What is the name of the structures labeled A?
Definition
Dens
Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letter B?
Definition
Body of C7
Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letter B?
Definition
Intervertebral foramen
Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letter C?
Definition
Left lateral mass of C1
Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure that is labeled as letter C?
Definition
The fourth cervical vertebrae
Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letter C?
Definition
The spinous process of T11
Term
[image]
What is the name of the structure labeled as letters D and G?
Definition

D= Inferior articular surface of C1

G= Right superior articular surface of C2

Term
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
Definition
7
Term
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
Definition
12
Term
How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?
Definition
5
Term
How many bones are included in the sacrum?
Definition
A new born has 5 sacral segments that fuse into 1 as an adult
Term
What are the two primary or convex curves of the vertebral column?
Definition
Thoracic and sacral
Term
What is the purpose of the vertebral column?
Definition
it provides a flexible support for the trunk and head and transmits the weight of the trunk and upper limbs to the lower limbs
Term
What does the spinal canal contain?
Definition
The spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid
Term
What structure does the spinal cord start and then end with?
Definition
It starts at the medualla oblongata of the brain and ends at the conus medullaris
Term
What is the most common site for a lumbar puncture and why?
Definition
L3-L4. You do not want to puncture the spinal cord with a needle! Ouch! Some people's conus medullaris may extend to L2 so you want to go a little lower to be safe.
Term
What is the name of the vertebrae that connect with the ribs?
Definition
Thoracic
Term
What are the largest individual vertebrae?
Definition
Lumbar
Term
Which disks are the most common site for injury and pathology and why is this so?
Definition
The disks in the Lumbar area are the most common disks to suffer injury and/or pathology becuase the weight load of the body increases towards the end of the spine
Term
What does the term concave mean and what vertebrae in the body form a concave posterior curve?
Definition

A rounded inward or depressed curve.

The cervical and Lumbar

I like to think of a cave.

Term
What does convex mean and what areas of the spine form a posterior convex curve?
Definition

A rounded outward or elevated surface

Thoracic and sacral

Term
What term describes an abnormally increased swayback curvature?
Definition
Lordosis
Term
What term describes an abnormal or exaggerated thoracic humpback curvature?
Definition
Kyphosis. Ladies drink your milk.
Term
What term describes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?
Definition
Scoliosis
Term
What are the two main parts of the typical vertebrae?
Definition
The body and the vertebral arch
Term
What is the name of the circular structure, on a single vertebrae, that contains the spinal cord
Definition
Vertebral foramen
Term
What is the name of the structure that extends posteriorly from the vertebral body and forms most sides of the vertebral arch? Each vertebrae has two.
Definition
The pedicles
Term
What structure extends posteriorly from the pedicles to unite in the mid line. They are two somewhat flat layers of bone that form the posterior part of the vertebral arch
Definition
The laminae
Term
What structure extends posteriorly from the mid-line? They are the most posterior structure of the vertebrae.
Definition
The spinous process
Term
What structures extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae?
Definition
The transverse processes
Term
What is the name of the joints found in between the the vertebral bodies that contain the intervertebral disks?
Definition
Interverterbal joints
Term
What is the name of the joint found between the superior and inferior articulating processes?
Definition
Zygapophyseal joint
Term
What is the name of the joints that lie between the ribs and the vertebrae?
Definition
The costal joints
Term
What is the name of the upper surface of the pedicle that forms a half-moon shaped area?
Definition
The superior vertebral notch
Term
What is the name of the area that consists of the lower surface of each pedicle that forms a half-moon shape?
Definition
The inferior vertebral notch
Term
What does the superior and inferior vertebral notch form when stacked together?
Definition
The intervertebral foramen
Term
What is the name of the outer portion of an intervertebral disk?
Definition
annulus fibrosus
Term
What is the name of the soft, inner part of the intervertebral disk?
Definition
The nucleus pulposus
Term
What is the name of the condition when the nucleus pulposus protrudes through the annulus fibrosus?
Definition

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

slipped disk

Term
What are the unique characteristics of the C-spine vertebrae?
Definition
The have transverse foramina, bifid spinous process tips, and over lapping vertebral bodies
Term
What is another name for C1 and C2
Definition

C1= atlas

C2=axis

Term
What is the name of the hole in the transverse process of the Cervical vertebrae?
Definition
The transverse foramen
Term
How many foramina does each cervical vertebrae have?
Definition
3. The right and left transverse foramina and a vertebral foramina
Term
What is the name of the structure located between the superior and inferior articular process that is a short column of bone in the cervical vertebrae?
Definition

articular pillar

Sometimes called the lateral mass when referencing C1

Term
What radiographic projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints of C2-C7?
Definition

A true lateral

The zyapophyseal joints of the 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae lie at right angles from the midsagittal plane

Term
What radiographic projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joint between C1-C2?
Definition
AP projection
Term
What radiographic position would be used to demonstrate open intervertebral foramina of the Cervical vertebrae?
Definition

A 45 degree oblique position of the spine combined with a 15 degree CR angle

The intervertebral foramen are 45 degrees from midline and are directed 15 degrees inferior becuase of the shape and the overlap of the Cervical vertebrae

Term
Which cervical vertebrae does not have a body but instead has a thick arch of bone?
Definition
C1 (atlas
Term
Which vertebrae consists of the dens?
Definition
C2 (axis)
Term
What is the name of the ligament that holds the dens in position against C1?
Definition
The transverse atlantal ligament
Term
What is the name of the articulation between C1 and occipital condyles of the skull?
Definition
atantooccipitial articulations
Term
What is the purpose of the lateral masses of C1?
Definition
They support the weight of head and assist in rotation of the head
Term
What is the purpose of the dens?
Definition
It acts as a pivot for rotation of the skull
Term
If radiographicly, if the dens and C1 are out of alignment and the zygapophyseal joints of C1-C2 are out of alignment, what is this an indicator of?
Definition

Injury or improper positioning.

An injury at this level can mean paralysis or death

Term
What is a distinguishing factor of all thoracic vertebrae?
Definition
Facets for articulation with the ribs
Term
Thoracic zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated on what view?
Definition
A 70-75 degree oblique becuase the zygapophyseal joints lie 70-75 degrees from the midsagittal plane
Term
What radiographic position will best demonstrate the thoracic intervertebral foramina?
Definition
Lateral. The thoracic intervertebral foramina lie 90 degrees from the midsagittal plane
Term
What is the classification of the atlantoccipital joint?
Definition
Synovial, Diarthrodial, Ellipsoid
Term
What is the classification of the R and L lateral atlantoaxial?
Definition
Synovial, Diarthrodial, plane
Term
What is the classification of the R and L medial atlantoaxial?
Definition
Synovial, diarthrodial, trochoid
Term
What is the classification of the intervertebral joints between C2-T12?
Definition
Cartilaginous, Amphiarthrodial
Term
What is the classification of the zygapophyseal joints between C2-T12?
Definition
Synovial, Diarthrodial, plane
Term
A Left Posterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina?
Definition

Right Foramina

Upside is best demonstrated

Term
A Right Posterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina?
Definition

Left foramina

Upside is best demonstrated

Term
A Left Anterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina?
Definition

Left Foramina

Downside

Term
A Right Anterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina?
Definition

Right foramina

Downside is best visualized

Term
LPO and RPO zygapophyseal joints of the Thoracic vertebrae demonstrate which side?
Definition
The side up
Term
LAO and RAO zygapophyseal joints of the Thoracic vertebrae demonstrate which side?
Definition
The side down
Term
What cervical vertebrae corresponds with the mastoid tip?
Definition
C1
Term
The Gonion corresponds with what cervical vertebrae?
Definition
C3
Term
The Thyroid cartilage corresponds with what cervical vertebrae?
Definition
C5
Term
The C7 vertebra prominens corresponds with what vertebrae?
Definition
T1
Term
The jugular notch corresponds with what vertebrae?
Definition
T2-T3
Term
What vertebral level does the xiphoid tip correspond to?
Definition
T10
Term
What are the benefits of preforming the C-spine exams upright?
Definition
Demonstrates alignment and ligament stability, and allows for the natural curvature of the spine to be demonstrated.
Term
What is the largest lumbar vertebrae?
Definition
L5
Term
What projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar vertebrae?
Definition
Lateral. The intervertebral foramina lie at 90 degree angles from the midsagittal plane
Term
What projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?
Definition

45 degree oblique

The zygapophyseal joints open up at a 30-50 degree angle from the midsagittal plane.

The upper vertebrae are closer to 50 and the lower is closer to 30 degrees

Term
What projection of the lumbar spine best demonstrates the pars interarticularis?
Definition

The oblique

The pars interarticularis lies between the superior and inferior articulating processes

Term
How many sets of sacral foramina are there?
Definition
4
Term
What is the name of the anterior ridge of the body of the 1st sacral segment?
Definition
Sacral promontory
Term
How does the anterior surface of the sacrum curve?
Definition
concave
Term
What is the name of the posterior opening of the sacrum in a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains sacral nerves?
Definition
sacral canal
Term
Where does the sacrum articulate with the ilium of the pelvis?
Definition
The auricular surface
Term
What is the name of the structures that project inferiorly and posteriorly to articulate with the coccyx
Definition
the sacral horns
Term
At what angle does the sacroiliac joint open?
Definition
30 degrees
Term
What is the name of the structure that is most distal in the vertebral column?
Definition
The coccyx
Term
What is the name of the 2 lateral projections of the body of the coccyx?
Definition
Transverse processes
Term
What is the name of the distal pointed tip of the coccyx?
Definition
The apex
Term
What is the name of the broader superior portion of the coccyx?
Definition
The base
Term
What are the parts of the scotty dog?
Definition
[image]
Term
What is the classification of the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?
Definition
Synovial, diarthrodial, plane
Term
What is the classification of the intervertebral joints of the lumbar spine?
Definition
Cartilaginous, amphiarthrodial
Term
What does the ASIS correspond to?
Definition
S1-S2
Term
What does the iliac crest correspond to?
Definition
L4-L5
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