Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letter A? |
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Definition
Spinous Process of T1
The spinous process is superimposed on the vertebral bodies in the AP and PA views
It can be determined that this vertebrae is T1 by observing the 1st rib coming from the vertebrae |
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Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letter E? |
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Definition
Intervertebral Disk space
This is where the tough intervertebral disks are located. They provide a cushion for the vertebrae to help absorb shock during movement
Think of them as Dr. Sholls for your spine! |
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Term
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What is the name of the structures labeled A? |
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Definition
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Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letter B? |
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Definition
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Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letter B? |
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Definition
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Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letter C? |
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Definition
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Term
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What is the name of the structure that is labeled as letter C? |
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Definition
| The fourth cervical vertebrae |
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Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letter C? |
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Definition
| The spinous process of T11 |
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Term
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What is the name of the structure labeled as letters D and G? |
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Definition
D= Inferior articular surface of C1
G= Right superior articular surface of C2 |
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Term
| How many cervical vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many thoracic vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many Lumbar vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are included in the sacrum? |
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Definition
| A new born has 5 sacral segments that fuse into 1 as an adult |
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Term
| What are the two primary or convex curves of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| it provides a flexible support for the trunk and head and transmits the weight of the trunk and upper limbs to the lower limbs |
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Term
| What does the spinal canal contain? |
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Definition
| The spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
| What structure does the spinal cord start and then end with? |
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Definition
| It starts at the medualla oblongata of the brain and ends at the conus medullaris |
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Term
| What is the most common site for a lumbar puncture and why? |
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Definition
| L3-L4. You do not want to puncture the spinal cord with a needle! Ouch! Some people's conus medullaris may extend to L2 so you want to go a little lower to be safe. |
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Term
| What is the name of the vertebrae that connect with the ribs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the largest individual vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which disks are the most common site for injury and pathology and why is this so? |
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Definition
| The disks in the Lumbar area are the most common disks to suffer injury and/or pathology becuase the weight load of the body increases towards the end of the spine |
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Term
| What does the term concave mean and what vertebrae in the body form a concave posterior curve? |
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Definition
A rounded inward or depressed curve.
The cervical and Lumbar
I like to think of a cave. |
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Term
| What does convex mean and what areas of the spine form a posterior convex curve? |
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Definition
A rounded outward or elevated surface
Thoracic and sacral |
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Term
| What term describes an abnormally increased swayback curvature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term describes an abnormal or exaggerated thoracic humpback curvature? |
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Definition
| Kyphosis. Ladies drink your milk. |
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Term
| What term describes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main parts of the typical vertebrae? |
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Definition
| The body and the vertebral arch |
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Term
| What is the name of the circular structure, on a single vertebrae, that contains the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the structure that extends posteriorly from the vertebral body and forms most sides of the vertebral arch? Each vertebrae has two. |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure extends posteriorly from the pedicles to unite in the mid line. They are two somewhat flat layers of bone that form the posterior part of the vertebral arch |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure extends posteriorly from the mid-line? They are the most posterior structure of the vertebrae. |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the joints found in between the the vertebral bodies that contain the intervertebral disks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the joint found between the superior and inferior articulating processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the joints that lie between the ribs and the vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the upper surface of the pedicle that forms a half-moon shaped area? |
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Definition
| The superior vertebral notch |
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Term
| What is the name of the area that consists of the lower surface of each pedicle that forms a half-moon shape? |
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Definition
| The inferior vertebral notch |
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Term
| What does the superior and inferior vertebral notch form when stacked together? |
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Definition
| The intervertebral foramen |
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Term
| What is the name of the outer portion of an intervertebral disk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the soft, inner part of the intervertebral disk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the condition when the nucleus pulposus protrudes through the annulus fibrosus? |
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Definition
Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
slipped disk |
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Term
| What are the unique characteristics of the C-spine vertebrae? |
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Definition
| The have transverse foramina, bifid spinous process tips, and over lapping vertebral bodies |
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Term
| What is another name for C1 and C2 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the hole in the transverse process of the Cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many foramina does each cervical vertebrae have? |
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Definition
| 3. The right and left transverse foramina and a vertebral foramina |
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Term
| What is the name of the structure located between the superior and inferior articular process that is a short column of bone in the cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
articular pillar
Sometimes called the lateral mass when referencing C1 |
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Term
| What radiographic projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints of C2-C7? |
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Definition
A true lateral
The zyapophyseal joints of the 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae lie at right angles from the midsagittal plane |
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Term
| What radiographic projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joint between C1-C2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What radiographic position would be used to demonstrate open intervertebral foramina of the Cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
A 45 degree oblique position of the spine combined with a 15 degree CR angle
The intervertebral foramen are 45 degrees from midline and are directed 15 degrees inferior becuase of the shape and the overlap of the Cervical vertebrae |
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Term
| Which cervical vertebrae does not have a body but instead has a thick arch of bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vertebrae consists of the dens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the ligament that holds the dens in position against C1? |
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Definition
| The transverse atlantal ligament |
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Term
| What is the name of the articulation between C1 and occipital condyles of the skull? |
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Definition
| atantooccipitial articulations |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the lateral masses of C1? |
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Definition
| They support the weight of head and assist in rotation of the head |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the dens? |
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Definition
| It acts as a pivot for rotation of the skull |
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Term
| If radiographicly, if the dens and C1 are out of alignment and the zygapophyseal joints of C1-C2 are out of alignment, what is this an indicator of? |
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Definition
Injury or improper positioning.
An injury at this level can mean paralysis or death |
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Term
| What is a distinguishing factor of all thoracic vertebrae? |
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Definition
| Facets for articulation with the ribs |
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Term
| Thoracic zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated on what view? |
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Definition
| A 70-75 degree oblique becuase the zygapophyseal joints lie 70-75 degrees from the midsagittal plane |
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Term
| What radiographic position will best demonstrate the thoracic intervertebral foramina? |
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Definition
| Lateral. The thoracic intervertebral foramina lie 90 degrees from the midsagittal plane |
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Term
| What is the classification of the atlantoccipital joint? |
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Definition
| Synovial, Diarthrodial, Ellipsoid |
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Term
| What is the classification of the R and L lateral atlantoaxial? |
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Definition
| Synovial, Diarthrodial, plane |
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Term
| What is the classification of the R and L medial atlantoaxial? |
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Definition
| Synovial, diarthrodial, trochoid |
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Term
| What is the classification of the intervertebral joints between C2-T12? |
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Definition
| Cartilaginous, Amphiarthrodial |
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Term
| What is the classification of the zygapophyseal joints between C2-T12? |
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Definition
| Synovial, Diarthrodial, plane |
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Term
| A Left Posterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina? |
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Definition
Right Foramina
Upside is best demonstrated |
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Term
| A Right Posterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina? |
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Definition
Left foramina
Upside is best demonstrated |
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Term
| A Left Anterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Right Anterior Oblique will demonstrate which intervertebral foramina? |
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Definition
Right foramina
Downside is best visualized |
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Term
| LPO and RPO zygapophyseal joints of the Thoracic vertebrae demonstrate which side? |
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Definition
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Term
| LAO and RAO zygapophyseal joints of the Thoracic vertebrae demonstrate which side? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cervical vertebrae corresponds with the mastoid tip? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Gonion corresponds with what cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Thyroid cartilage corresponds with what cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| The C7 vertebra prominens corresponds with what vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| The jugular notch corresponds with what vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vertebral level does the xiphoid tip correspond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the benefits of preforming the C-spine exams upright? |
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Definition
| Demonstrates alignment and ligament stability, and allows for the natural curvature of the spine to be demonstrated. |
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Term
| What is the largest lumbar vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar vertebrae? |
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Definition
| Lateral. The intervertebral foramina lie at 90 degree angles from the midsagittal plane |
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Term
| What projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine? |
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Definition
45 degree oblique
The zygapophyseal joints open up at a 30-50 degree angle from the midsagittal plane.
The upper vertebrae are closer to 50 and the lower is closer to 30 degrees |
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Term
| What projection of the lumbar spine best demonstrates the pars interarticularis? |
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Definition
The oblique
The pars interarticularis lies between the superior and inferior articulating processes |
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Term
| How many sets of sacral foramina are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the anterior ridge of the body of the 1st sacral segment? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the anterior surface of the sacrum curve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the posterior opening of the sacrum in a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains sacral nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the sacrum articulate with the ilium of the pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the structures that project inferiorly and posteriorly to articulate with the coccyx |
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Definition
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Term
| At what angle does the sacroiliac joint open? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the structure that is most distal in the vertebral column? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the 2 lateral projections of the body of the coccyx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the distal pointed tip of the coccyx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the broader superior portion of the coccyx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parts of the scotty dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classification of the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine? |
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Definition
| Synovial, diarthrodial, plane |
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Term
| What is the classification of the intervertebral joints of the lumbar spine? |
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Definition
| Cartilaginous, amphiarthrodial |
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Term
| What does the ASIS correspond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the iliac crest correspond to? |
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Definition
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