Term
| Ground substance: function and components |
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Definition
| 1st of 3 characteristics to connective tissue. transparent homogeneous material in which cells and fibers are embedded. Posses unique properties that allow it to vary in nature from watery fluid to solid frame work of bone. Functions in lubricant barier transport nutrients and waste, or have adhesive proteins that regulate movemnt. Composed of 2 molecules GAGS and glycoproteins |
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Term
| Glycosaminoglucans (GAGs) |
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Definition
| long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. highly polar and attract water. They are therefore useful to the body as a lubricant or as a shock absorber. There are 5 primary GAGs Heparin/heparan sulfate (HSGAGs) and chondroitin dermatan sulfate Keratan sulfate hyaluronic acid |
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Definition
| GAGs with a protein core all 5 types except halurionic acid |
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Term
| Structual glycoproteins 3 examples |
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Definition
| heterogeneous group of compounds having varying amount of carbohydrates with a predominant protein moiety. Fibrionectin, laminin, and chondronectin |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd of 3 characteristic to connective tissue, have a filtrate of blood similar to blood plasma contains ions diffusible substances and smalle amount of plasma proteins |
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Definition
| 3rd of 3 characteristics to connective tissue there are three types of fibers in connective tissue: collagen, reticular, and elastic |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st of the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue there are four types, most prevalent protein in the body 30% dry weight. Seen as small non branching fibers at LM level. Compsed of fibrils atlernating light and dark bands 64nm apart. Resulting from overlaping tropocollagen which is the primary structural unit. collegen is INELASTIC.. and higher tensile strength then steel |
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Term
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Definition
| most common found in dermis bone tendon dentin fascia sceleria |
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Definition
| froms very thin fibrils dound in hyaline and elastic cartilage |
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Definition
| the major compenet of reticular fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| doesn’t form fibrils or fibers found in the basal lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd of 3 types of fibers in connective tissue: contain type 3 collagen, no banded and this with amorphous coating, not vissible with H&E but is with silver stain, abundance in smooth muscle endoneurium and hematopoietic organs, prominent in embryogenesis inflammatory process and wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd of 3 types of fibers in connective tissue: composed of an amorphous core of elstin surrounded by a sheath of microfibrils; may occur as random delicate branching fibers or as fenestraed sheets; produced by fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells |
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Term
| fibroblasts (active) appearance and function |
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Definition
| nucleus is oval to spindle shaped, very euchromatic, usually one or two prominent nucleoi. LARGEST OF CT CELLS! @EM RER and Golgi are prominent functions: secrete all types of CT fibers and ground substance |
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Term
| fibroblasts (inactive) appearance and function |
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Definition
| nucleus is very spindle shapred quite heterochromatic, cytoplasm is not apparent with LM EM its thin and attenuate, low metabolic level |
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Term
| monocytes appearance and function 1/5 leukocytes |
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Definition
| large spheroid cell 12-20um in diameter abundant basophilic cytoplasm (hematoxylin DNA ie blue) indented nucleus golgi and centrioles lie in indentation, monocytes are progenitors of macrophages |
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Term
| Macrophages appearance and function |
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Definition
| Nucleus is smaller and more condensed then an active fibroblast nucleus may have a football or indente similar to monocyte function to to ingest foreign matter and process antigen to stimulate cells of the immune system, cytoplasm is difficult to discern at LM lysosomes observable at EM level |
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Term
| Lymphocytes appearance and function 3/5 leukocytes |
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Definition
| 20-50% small cells 6-7um dense spheroidal heterochromatic nucleus nucleus may have sligth indentation function these are front line for the immune system. Can divide into two groups T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocutes B-lymphocytes are the progenitor of plasma cells |
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Term
| Plasma cells appearance and function |
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Definition
| ovoid cells with well defined basophilic (hematoxylin dark blue) cytoplasm which at the EM level is seen to be occupided by abundand RER, centrally located nucleus with peripherally located heterchromatin (clock wheel), function: cells produce humoral antibodies |
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Term
| Mast Cell appearance and function |
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Definition
| Spheroid or oval cells having a well defined cytoplasm pack with dense granuals (eosin dye rich) granuals containe glycosamino glucans histamin neutral proteases ther metachromatic nucleus is small centrally located, two populations of mast cells connective tissue mast cells w/c have heparin and mucosal mast cells contain chondroitin sulfate |
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Term
| Neutrophils appearance and function 2/5 leukocytes |
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Definition
| distushed by having a nucleus with 3 to 5 lobes posses two types of granyles one a lysosome other a non ezume protein, neuts are attracted to sites of infection, very phagocytic attacking and desting bacteria, CARDINAL SIGN OF INFLAMMATION |
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Term
| Eosinophiles appearance and function 4/5 leukocytes |
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Definition
| posises a bi-lobed nucleus thus when sectioned may apear to have two nuclei, cytoplams contaisn large distinct bright red granuels in H&E preps. Granueles are lysomes but cells are not as phagocytic as neutrophils |
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Term
| Adipocytes (fat cells) appearance and function |
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Definition
| this is the cominent cell type in adipose or fat tissue synthesis and store lipid for nutrition and insulation yellow fat is the predominant form nucleus is crescent shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| found in infants and hibernating animals contains cell with multiple msalle droplets with numerous brown mitochondria |
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Term
| erythrocytes appearance and function |
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Definition
| is this flashcard really necissary |
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Term
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Definition
| 6,000-10,000 uL neutrophills , eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocyte, basophils |
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Term
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Definition
| .5% of WBC's leas common posses large basophilic cytoplasmic cranules containing heparin and histamin with lobed nucleus functino is mast ells in hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| nonnucleated disk like cell fragments promote blood clotting formed by megakaryocytes which are giant cells measuring 35-150um in diamerter with irregularly lobulated nucleus found in hematopooietic compartments of the bone marrow |
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Term
| Hematopoiesis briefly define and its phases |
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Definition
| blood formation, (Mesoblastic) mesenchumal cells in the yolk sac and body stalk form nucleated blood cels third gestation week in humans, (Hepatic) blood cells form in liver thumus spleen between 4- 8 weeks of gestation, Myeloid blood cells form in the bone marrow beginning and 12 weeks and continue there from then on |
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Term
| Pluripotential hematopoietic stems cells give rise to what 2 kinds of multipotential cells |
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Definition
| proliferate and form either lymphoid multipotential cells migrate to organs (which can differentiate to lymphcytes colony forming cell, then to lymphoblast then B and T lymphocytes); myeloid migrate to bone marrow multipotential cells become the (erythrocytes megakaryocytes[platelet forming] monocytes neutrophils eosinophils and basophils) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood formation and or differentiation, lymphopoiesis means lymphocyte production thrbombopoiesis megakaryocyte, granulopoisis (neutro, eosino, and basophil production) |
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