Term
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Definition
Indications: Correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in shock.
--Actions: Acts directly and by the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals;to maintain renal perfusion while stimulating the sympathetic response.
--Adverse effects: Tachycardia, ectopic beats, anginal pain,headache. |
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Term
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Definition
Indications: Treatment of vascular failure in shock or drug-induced hypotensionas a vasoconstrictor in regional anesthesia;to maintain blood pressure during anesthesiadilate pupils and as a decongestant to provide temporary relief of eye irritation.
Actions: Powerful postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulant causing vasoconstriction and raising systolic and diastolic blood pressure with little effect on the beta-receptors in the heart.
Adverse effects: Fear, anxiety, restlessness, headache, nausea, decreased urine formation, pallor. |
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Term
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Definition
Isoproterenol
Indications: Management of bronchospasm during anesthesia; vasopressor during shock; adjunct in the management of cardiac standstill and arrest, as well as serious ventricular arrhythmias that require increased inotropic action.
Actions: Acts on beta-adrenergic receptors to produce increased heart rate, positive inotropic effect, bronchodilation, and vasodilation.
Adverse effects: Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, cardiac arrhythmias, |
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Term
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Definition
Labetalol
Indications: Hypertension, alone or in combination with other drugs; off-label uses—control of blood pressure in pheochromocytoma, clonidine-withdrawal hypertension.
Actions: Competitively blocks alpha- and beta-receptor sites in the SNS, leading to lower blood pressure without reflex tachycardia and decreased renin levels.
Adverse effects: Dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough, decreased exercise tolerance. |
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Term
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Definition
Phentolamine
Indications: Prevention or control of hypertensive episodes associated with pheochromocytoma;
Actions: Competitively blocks postsynaptic alpha1- and presynaptic alpha2-receptors, causing a vasodilation
Adverse effects: Acute and prolonged hypotensive episodes, MI, tachycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, flushing |
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Term
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Definition
Doxazosin
Indications: Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensives; treatment of BPH.
Actions: Reduces total peripheral resistance through alpha blockade
Adverse effects: Headache, fatigue, dizziness, postural dizziness, |
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Term
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Definition
Propranolol
Indications: Treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris,
Actions: Competitively blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus
Adverse effects: Allergic reaction, bradycardia, HF, cardiac arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
Prototype Summary: Atenolol
Indications: Treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction;
Actions: Blocks beta1-adrenergic receptors, decreasing the excitability of the heart,
Adverse effects: Allergic reaction, dizziness, bradycardia, HF, |
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