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CSU CHEM 111 Krummel
General Chemistry I Exam 1
70
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2013

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Term
What is the study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes?
Definition
Chemistry.
Term
What is the types and amounts of simpler substances that make up matter?
Definition
Composition of matter.
Term
What are the characteristics that give each substance its unique identity?
Definition
Properties.
Term
What are characteristics a substance shows by itself, without changing into or interacting with another substance?
Definition
Physical properties.
Term
What occurs when a substance alters its physical properties NOT its composition?
Definition
Physical change.
Term
What are three examples of physical change?
Definition
Hardness, density, ability to flow.
Term
What are characteristics a substance shows as it changes into or interacts with another substance (or substances)?
Definition
Chemical properties.
Term
What are three examples of chemical properties?
Definition
Flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity with acids.
Term
What is another term for "chemical change?"
Definition
Chemical reaction.
Term
What occurs when a substance (or substances) is converted into a different substance (or substances)?
Definition
Chemical change.
Term
What type of change has the same substance before and after?
Definition
Physical change.
Term
What type of change has different substances before and after?
Definition
Chemical change.
Term
What are the three common physical forms of matter?
Definition
Solid, liquid, gas.
Term
What has a fixed shape that does not conform to the container shape?
Definition
Solid.
Term
What are solids NOT defined by?
Definition
Rigidity or hardness.
Term
What has a varying shape that conforms to the container shape, but only to the extent of the its volume, and has an upper surface?
Definition
Liquid.
Term
What has a varying shape that conforms to the container shape, but fills the entire container and does not have an upper surface?
Definition
Gas.
Term
How do particles lie in a solid?
Definition
Next together in a three-dimensional array.
Term
How do particles lie in a liquid?
Definition
Close together but move randomly around each other.
Term
How do particles lie in a gas?
Definition
They have large distances between them and move randomly throughout the container.
Term
What is defined as "the ability to do work?"
Definition
Energy.
Term
What is the total energy an object possesses equal to?
Definition
The sum of its potential energy and its kinetic energy.
Term
What is energy due to the position of an object relative to other objects?
Definition
Potential energy.
Term
What is energy due to the motion of an object?
Definition
Kinetic energy.
Term
What situations of energy are more stable?
Definition
Lower energy.
Term
What situations of energy are favored?
Definition
Lower(more stable).
Term
What are changes in matter accompanied by?
Definition
Changes in energy.
Term
What is the process of burning?
Definition
Combustion.
Term
What is the approach scientists use to understand nature?
Definition
Scientific method.
Term
What are the the four parts of the scientific method?
Definition
Observations, hypothesis, experiment, model.
Term
What is the measure of how hot o cold one object is RELATIVE to another?
Definition
Temperature.
Term
What is the energy that flows from an object with higher temperature to an object with the lower temperature?
Definition
Heat.
Term
What are three examples of extensive properties? Why are they in this category?
Definition
Mass, volume, and energy. They depend on the amount of a substance.
Term
What are two examples of intensive properties? Why are they in this category?
Definition
Density and temperature. They do not depend on the amount of a substance.
Term
What digit is always estimated?
Definition
The rightmost digit.
Term
What refers to how close the measurements in a series are to each other?
Definition
Precision or reproducibility.
Term
What refers to how close each measurement is to the actual value?
Definition
Accuracy.
Term
What type of error is part of an experimental system, often caused by a faulty device or by a consistent mistake in taking a reading?
Definition
Systematic error.
Term
What type of error produces values that are higher AND lower than the actual value?
Definition
Random error.
Term
What is comparing a measuring device with a known standard called?
Definition
Calibration.
Term
What is the simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties?
Definition
Element.
Term
What cannot be broken down into simper type of matter by any physical or chemical methods?
Definition
Element.
Term
What makes each element unique?
Definition
The properties of its atoms.
Term
What is an independent structure of two or more atoms bound together?
Definition
Molecule.
Term
What consists of two or more different elements that are bonded chemically?
Definition
Compound.
Term
What are two defining features of compounds?
Definition
1) The elements are present in fixed parts by mass (fixed mass ratio).
2) The properties are different from the properties of its component elements.
Term
What consists of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are physically intermingled?
Definition
Mixture.
Term
What consists of components that can vary in their parts by mass?
Definition
Mixture.
Term
What can be separated into its components by physical changes alone?
Definition
Mixtures.
Term
What law states that the total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction?
Definition
Law of Mass Conservation.
Term
What law states that no matter what its source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass?
Definition
Law of Definite (or Constant) Composition.
Term
What is the part of the compound's mass that each element contributes?
Definition
Fraction by mass (mass fraction).
Term
What is the fraction by mass expressed as a percentage (multiplied by 100)?
Definition
Percent by mass (mass percent, mass %).
Term
What law states that if elements A and B react to form two compounds, the different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers?
Definition
Law of Multiple Proportions.
Term
What are tiny indivisible particles of an element that cannot be created or destroyed?
Definition
Atoms.
Term
What equals the number of protons in the nucleus?
Definition
An element's atomic number (Z).
Term
What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?
Definition
Mass number (A).
Term
What is based on an element's English, Latin, or Greek name?
Definition
Atomic symbol.
Term
What are atoms that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers?
Definition
Isotopes.
Term
All atoms of an element have the same ____ ____ but not the same ____ ____.
Definition
Atomic number, mass number.
Term
What primarily determines the chemical properties of an element? What impact does this have?
Definition
The number of electrons. All isotopes of an element have nearly identical chemical behavior, even though they have different masses.
Term
What is atomic mass unit (amu) based on?
Definition
1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Term
What is the new name for amu?
Definition
Dalton (Da).
Term
What is a method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of atomic-scale particles very precisely?
Definition
Mass spectrometry.
Term
How is the modern periodic table of the elements arranged?
Definition
By atomic number, NOT mass.
Term
What are the boxes that are arranged into horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
Definition
Periods.
Term
What are the boxes that are arranged into vertical columns on the periodic table called?
Definition
Groups.
Term
Do elements in a group have similar or different chemical properties?
Definition
Similar.
Term
Do elements in a period have similar or different chemical properties?
Definition
Different.
Term
What are the three types of elements?
Definition
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids (semimetal).
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