Term
| What is the layer of the epidermis that rests on the basal lamina? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second outermost layer of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lies under the basal lamina? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the epidermis composed of? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium resting on dense irregular connective tissues called the dermis. |
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Term
| Where does the basal lamina come from? |
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Definition
| It is an extracellular matrix that has been secreted by the epithelial cells themselves and by fibrocytes located in the underlying connective tissue. |
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Term
| What are most cells found in the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what layer of the epidermis is glycolipid laid down? What is the purpose? |
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Definition
| Stratum granulosum. It provides a waterproof layer. |
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Term
| In what layer of the epidermis are cells dying? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of the epidermis contains dead cells that are essentially bags of keratin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three other cells found in the epidermis besides keratinocytes? |
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Definition
| Melanocytses, Langerhans' cells, and Merkel cells. |
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Term
| What cells contain pigement that gives skin its color? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the melanin that is secreted by the melanocytes? |
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Definition
| It is taken up into the keratinocytes as melanin granules to pigment these cells. |
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Term
| What makes melanocytes produce and secrete melanin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of melanocytes increasing the pigmentation of the skin? |
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Definition
| It protects DNA in the dividing cells in the stratum basale from damaging UV rays. |
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Term
| What are Langerhans' cells involved with? |
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Definition
| The immune system. Provide one of the early lines of defense against foreign invaders. |
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Term
| What are Merkel cells associated with? |
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Definition
| Sensory nerve endings. Responsible for cutaneous sensation. |
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Term
| What does the arrector pili muscle do? |
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Definition
| Elevates the hair follicle when the central nervous system senses a drop in the body's core temperature. |
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Term
| What is hair composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives hair its color? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can skin be thought of as a true organ? |
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Definition
| It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. |
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Term
| What are six functions of skin? |
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Definition
| Protection, temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic function, blood reservoir, and excretion. |
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Term
| What is the pH of the skin? Why? |
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Definition
| Acid. It slows the bacterial and fungal replication. |
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Term
| What provides a waterproof barrier in the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of wastes are eliminated through sweat? |
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Definition
| Some nitrogen-containing wastes. |
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Term
| What does skin consist of? |
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Definition
| Epidermis and underlying dermis. |
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Term
| What does the underlying dermis consist of? |
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Definition
| Connective tissue proper, fiberous connective tissue. |
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Term
| What serves to anchor the skin to the underlying tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary cells of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the regenerative layer of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of the epidermis is close enough to the underlying dermis to receive nutrition from blood vessels in the dermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do epithelial cells release a glycolipid that provides the skin with its waterproofing? |
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Definition
| As they die. This happens in the stratum granulosum. |
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Term
| What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? What does it consist of? |
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Definition
| Stratum corneum. Dead cells. |
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Term
| What are three appendages of the skin? |
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Definition
| Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. |
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Term
| What are the two groups of sweat glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do apocrine glands secrete in addition to sweat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two most common cancers? |
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Definition
| Basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. |
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