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CSU BIOL 3216 Chapter 3
Genetics
17
Biology
Undergraduate 3
09/10/2010

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Term
Alleles
Definition
Alternative forms of the same gene.
Term
Dihybrid cross
Definition
A cross in which the true-breeding parents differ in two traits controlled by two gene pairs.
Term
Dominant
Definition
Refers to a phenotype or allele that is expressed in a heterozygote.
Term
Equal segregation
Definition
In a heterozygote (Aa), half of the products of meiosis will carry one allele (A) and the other half will carry the other allele (a).
Term
Gene
Definition
The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, composed of a segment of DNA on a chromosome encoding a functional product.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The underlying genetic constitution of an organism.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Carrying one copy each of two different alleles.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Carrying two copies of the same allele.
Term
Incomplete dominance
Definition
Situation in which the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygotes.
Term
Independent assortment
Definition
Principle that segregation of alleles at one genetic locus does not influence segregation of alleles at other loci.
Term
Locus
Definition
Position of a gene along the length of a chromosome.
Term
Monohybrid cross
Definition
A cross in which the true-breeding parents differ in a single trait controlled by a single gene pair.
Term
Pedigree
Definition
A family tree that uses standard genetic symbols to show the pattern of inheritance of a trait in a family.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The observable (physical, behavioral) properties of an organism.
Term
Punnett square
Definition
A grid used as a graphic representation of the possible progeny resulting from random fertilization of the gametes produced by the parents in a cross.
Term
Recessive
Definition
Refers to a phenotype or allele that is not expressed in a heterozygote.
Term
Testcross
Definition
A cross of a phenotypically dominant individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual in order to determine the genotype of the dominant individual.
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