Term
| Which hormone is most integral to the cell cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From a single mutated cell (monoclonal). |
|
|
Term
| What does a high growth fraction for a tumour indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does estrogen have on an estrogen sensitive tumour? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tumour derived factors affecting angiogenesis can tumours produce? |
|
Definition
1) VEGF-A
2) bFGF
3) Angiostatin (anti-angiognenesis). |
|
|
Term
| What role do oncogenes play in carcinogenesis? |
|
Definition
| They are growth enhancing, dominant genes. Increased expression can lead to carcinogenesis. |
|
|
Term
| What role do tumour suppressor genes play in carcinogenesis? |
|
Definition
| These are recessive, growth inhibiting genes. Inactivation can lead to carcinogenesis. |
|
|
Term
| How do oncogenes malfunction? |
|
Definition
1) Viruses (rare)
2) Influence from carcinogens. |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of cellular oncogenes? |
|
Definition
| They promote normal growth and differentiation in cells. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of oncogene products? |
|
Definition
1) Growth factors
2) Growth factor receptors
3) Nuclear binding proteins (can be bound by transforming proteins of DNA tumour viruses)
4) Proteins involved in signal transduction
5) Cell cycle regulators. |
|
|
Term
| How can oncogenes be activated? |
|
Definition
1) Changes in structure of the gene
2) Changes in regulation of the gene. |
|
|
Term
What cancers are these oncogenes responsible for:
1) erb-B2
2) ras
3) c-myc
4) N-myc
5) abl |
|
Definition
1) Breast
2) Lung and colon
3) Burkitt's lymphoma
4) Neuroblastoma
5) Chronic myeloid leukaemia. |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of tumour suppressor genes? |
|
Definition
| Apply brakes to cell proliferation. |
|
|
Term
| Which tumour suppressor gene is mutated in retinoblastoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene is mutated in Li-Fraumeni syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene is inactivated in Wilms tumour? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene is inactivated in schwannoma (somatic) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (inherited)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene is inactivated in Wilms tumour? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene is inactivated in schwannoma (somatic) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (inherited)? |
|
Definition
|
|
