Term
| which resonation tract has an impact on why we sound the way that we do? |
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Definition
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Term
| why would a person with vocal nodules have trouble breathing? |
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Definition
| when you have nodules, the VFs can't come together completely, which lets air escape. This will also effect quality. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the primary function of the larynx? |
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Definition
| to protect the airway and let air in |
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Term
| what is the overlaid function of the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| what provides the power source for voice production? |
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Definition
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Term
| the upper airway extends from ________ to _________. This includes what? |
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Definition
| from the nose to the inferior border of the larynx at the cricoid cartilage (including the nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx) |
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Term
| the lower airway is also called what? |
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Definition
| the tracheobronchial tree |
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Term
| what does the lower airway include? |
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Definition
| the trachea, bronchi, and conducting airways |
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Term
| what is also known as the passage way for air to get to the alveoli? |
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Definition
| lower airway (tracheobronchial tree) |
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Term
| is there respiratory exchange in the airways? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two zones of the lung? |
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Definition
| conducting zone and respiratory zone |
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Term
| which part of the lung begins at the trachea and extends to the terminal bronchioles? |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the lung includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and the pulmonary capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the right lung shorter? |
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Definition
| because the liver is in the way |
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Term
| why is the left lung smaller? |
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Definition
| because the heart is behind it |
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Term
| the terminal bronchials are part of which lung zone? what does that mean? |
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Definition
| they're part of the conducting zone, so the air is must moving though and there's no respiration. |
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Term
| which law does pressure follow? How does it work? |
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Definition
| Boyles law - it's inversely related: P1V1=P2V2 |
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Term
| nature hates a vacuum, so it wants to equalize with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is responsible for expanding out the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| which pleurae is the outer layer and what does it attach to? inner layer? |
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Definition
outer: parietal pleurae and it attaches to the rib cage
inner: visceral pleurae and it attaches to the lung |
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Term
| what is the gap in the pleurae called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the primary muscle of inspiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the diaphragm paired or unpaired? unilaterally or bilaterally innervated? |
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Definition
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Term
| what dose the diaphragm divide? |
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Definition
| the torso into the thorax and the abdomen |
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Term
| which intercostals are stronger and more prominent? |
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Definition
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Term
| which intercostals are the most superficial layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the external intercostals? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the internal intercostals? |
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Definition
| inspiratory and expiratory functions |
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Term
| where are the external and internal intercostals located? |
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Definition
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Term
| what three ways does the thoracic cavity expand when you take a breath? |
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Definition
1- the diaphragm moves downward
2- the intercostal muscles move the ribcage laterally and outwardly
3- the sternum moves upward |
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Term
| sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, levator costarum, serratus posterior superior, and seratus anterior are all what type of muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| if the neck is fixed, the muscles draw the ribs how? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the scalenes muscles do? |
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Definition
| the act to flex and slightly rotate the neck |
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Term
| pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and latissimus dorsi are all what kind of muscles? |
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Definition
| shoulder girdle, upper extremities, and trunk |
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Term
| which muscle is the strongest superficial layer of the abdominal muscle? |
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Definition
| external oblique (hand-in-the-pocket look) |
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Term
| where is the transverse abdominus muscle located? |
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Definition
| in between the external and internal obliques |
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Term
| which muscles are important for raising abdominal and thoracic muscles - especially when you need to use them quickly and forcefully? |
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Definition
| external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus |
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Term
| which is the deepest abdominal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| air rushes into the lungs until when? |
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Definition
| alveolar pressure is equalized to atmospheric pressure |
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Term
| as muscles of inhalation cease to contract, what happens to the dimensions of the thorax/lung? What does this generate? |
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Definition
| the dimensions of expanded thorax-lung complex recoil/relax and decrease. This generates a positive intra-alveolar pressure which causes exhalation |
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Term
| when the muscles relax, what happens to volume? What does it in turn create? |
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Definition
| volume decreases, and when the volume decreases it creates positive pressure |
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Term
| in normal, quiet breathing is inhalation active or passive? what about exhalation? |
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Definition
| inhalation is active, exhalation is passive |
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Term
| for a healthy adult, the quiet breathing cycle completes itself how many times per minute? |
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Definition
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Term
| in normal, quiet breathing what muscles are engaged? |
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Definition
| diaphragm and external intercostals - no demands |
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Term
| forced exhalation is facilitated by what? |
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Definition
| contraction of the abdominal muscles - accessory muscles of the ribcage also contribute |
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Term
| the checking action counteracts the elastic recoil of the inflated thorax consists of what? |
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Definition
| prolonged activity of the muscles of inhalation into the expiratory phase of breathing |
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Term
| how can expiration be prolonged? |
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Definition
- inhale a larger amount of air for louder or extended speech
- vocal tract resistance |
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Term
| what are the four processes of respiration? |
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Definition
1- ventilation
2- pulmonary gas exchange (external respiration)
3- gas transport
4- peripheral gas exchange (internal respiration) |
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Term
| movement of air in and out of the airways |
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Definition
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Term
| the pulmonary capillaries receive oxygen, offload CO2 to fuel the cells in the body |
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Definition
| pulmonary gas exchange (external respiration) |
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Term
| the newly re-oxygenated blood travels through the system |
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Definition
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Term
| gas exchange between blood and tissue cells |
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Definition
| peripheral gas exchange (internal respiration) |
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Term
| how can general information about lung volumes be obtained? |
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Definition
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Term
| the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a single respiratory cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| the quantity of air that can be inhaled beyond that inhaled in a tidal volume cycle |
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Definition
| inspiratory reserve volume |
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Term
| the amount of air that can be forcible exhaled following a quiet or passive exhalation |
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Definition
| expiratory reserve volume |
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Term
| the quantity of air that remains in the lungs and airways after maximum exhalation |
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Definition
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Term
| TV + IRV. The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled from the resting expiratory level |
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Definition
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Term
| TV + IRV + ERV. The quantity of air that can be exhaled after as deep as inhalation as possible |
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Definition
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Term
| ERV + RV. The quantity of air in the lungs and airways at the resting expiratory level. |
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Definition
| functional residual capacity |
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Term
| IRV + TV + ERV + RV. The quantity of air the lungs are capable of holding at the height of a maximum inhalation. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the ratio for quiet respiration? |
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Definition
| 1:2 - inspiration is active and expiration is passive |
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Term
| what is the ratio of speech respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are inspiration and expiration like in respiration for speech? |
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Definition
| inspiration and expiration are actively modified according to the requirements of the speaker |
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Term
| what keeps the lung and ribcage unit from quick recoil in respiration for speech? |
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Definition
| checking action of the ribs |
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|
Term
| where do the ribs attach anteriorly? |
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Definition
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