Term
| who are some of the most important people on the NICU team? |
|
Definition
| neunatologist, cardiologist, pulmonary specialist, respiratory therapist, etc. |
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Term
| what is the simple idea of kangaroo care? |
|
Definition
| keep baby and mom/dad skin to skin (and a blanket to cover the baby) - the baby will respond to the familiar smell, heartbeat, and voice |
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|
Term
| can babies on a ventilator be given kangaroo care? |
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Definition
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Term
| extremely premature babies often require ____ while their intensines mature |
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Definition
| TPN - total prenatal nutrition |
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Term
| enteral feeds are also called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do orogastric tubes work? |
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Definition
| it goes in through the mouth through the esophagus and into the stomach without the baby having to suck |
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|
Term
| how do nasogastric tubes work? |
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Definition
| it goes through the nose and then esophagus and into the stomach without the baby having to suck |
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Term
| what is a videofluroscopic swallow study? (VFSS) |
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Definition
| barium is mixed with the child's food and an x-ray allows you to watch the baby suck and swallow so you can determine where the swallow is triggered - requires radiation exposure |
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Term
| what is a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing? (FEES) |
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Definition
| a tube is threaded through the nose with a camera perched at the velopharyngeal port and you can watch the baby prepare to swallow and then see the aftermath of the swallow |
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Term
| what is an ultrasonography? |
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Definition
| using ultra sound waves we can watch a baby sucking and see what's going on in the pharynx (nothing to do with aspiration) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the child swallows a tracer to let you know if the aspiration is coming from above or below |
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|
Term
| which test can distinguish between aspiration from the pharynx and aspiration from the stomach? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| many NICU swallow assessments emphasize what over instrumental assessment? |
|
Definition
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Term
| how can an SLP help a child with feeding issues? (5) |
|
Definition
1. environmental modifications
2. positioning
3. pacing
4. addressing sucking skills
5. facilitating positive oral experiences |
|
|
Term
| how can pacing help feeding? |
|
Definition
| it reminds the child to take breaks and alternate between feeding and breathing |
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|
Term
| how can we facilitate positive oral experiences? |
|
Definition
| letting the child suck on a pacifier or empty breast |
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|
Term
| when do children start saying "no" to foods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do babies realize there are distractions when they eat? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| when is weight supposed to double in children? |
|
Definition
| within the first 6 months |
|
|
Term
| what are some differences in independence that we see in children from 0-3? |
|
Definition
| children hold their own bottle, use utensils, drink independently, etc. |
|
|
Term
| what are oral hygiene issues we are concerned with? |
|
Definition
| dental caries due to intubation, tube feeding, GERD, and oral defensiveness |
|
|
Term
| what are five indirect approaches to pediatric feeding? |
|
Definition
1. change the environment
2. improve postural ability
3. modify food to improve intake
4. explore adaptive equipment
5. address feeding-related communication |
|
|
Term
| what are three direct approaches to pediatric feeding? |
|
Definition
1. provide oral stimulation
2. foster oral exploration
3. facilitate new movement patterns |
|
|
Term
| how can we provide oral stimulation (direct approach)? |
|
Definition
| teethers that vibrate, manual stimulation, etc. |
|
|
Term
| how can we foster oral exploration (direct approach)? |
|
Definition
| giving children new things to chew |
|
|
Term
| what three things can interfere with feeding issues? |
|
Definition
1. autism spectrum disorder
2. sensory processing
3. chronic neurogenic problems |
|
|
Term
| what is the percentage of picky eaters? |
|
Definition
| 60-67%, however few parents consider their children to have feeding disorders |
|
|
Term
| what are three possible reactions to food? |
|
Definition
1. fight-or-flight
2. avoidance
3. eager intake for self-regulating purposes |
|
|
Term
| kids with sensory processing issues may get better/become pickier eaters as they get older |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what are some signs of sensory processing issues? |
|
Definition
| sensitivity to temperature/texture/pressure/smell, hyper or hypoawareness of flavors, difficulty with utensils, avoiding touching food, spilling, biting fingers, dribbling, dropping food, frequent wiping of hands/mouth, distaste for carbonation, or frequent fidgeting |
|
|
Term
| what are some management ideas? (4) |
|
Definition
1. start with oral desensitization/exploration
2. normalize sensation: vestibular stimulation/proprioceptive stimulation
3. make it familiar
4. keep expectations clear and consistent |
|
|
Term
| what are some acute problems/diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| TBI, Hypoxic brain injury, and brain tumors |
|
|
Term
| what are some chronic problems/diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| CP, non-progressive syndromes (FAS), neurodegenerative conditions, and once acute but now stable problems |
|
|
Term
| what are some concomitant diagnoses that are common in this population? |
|
Definition
| cognitive impairment, ADHD, ASD, etc. |
|
|
Term
| where do SLPs see kids with feeding issues? |
|
Definition
| outpatient clinics (speciality feeding clinics) and in schools |
|
|
Term
| what is a chronic problem for people with feeding issues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can children who are NPO be at risk for aspiration pneumonia if they can't manage secretions? |
|
Definition
| because they can't manage it and it aspirates into the lungs causing aspiration pneumonia - which is very hard to get rid of |
|
|
Term
| what may be needed to protect the lower airway if there is a secretion management problem? |
|
Definition
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