Term
| what is muscular tension dysphonia? |
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Definition
| a voice disorder caused by vocal behaviors that are conscious or unconscious |
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Term
| what are conscious examples of muscular tension dysphonia? |
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Definition
| a coach who must yell to communicate with players in a noisy environment |
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Term
| what are unconscious examples of muscular tension dysphonia? |
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Definition
| throat-clearing or vocal tics, phonating with tense laryngeal muscles due to life stress: laryngoresponders |
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Term
| what does muscular tension dysphonia look like in the primary stage? |
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Definition
| the VFs look normal because there's no organic pathology yet |
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Term
| what does muscular tension dysphonia look like in secondary stages? |
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Definition
| it follows organic pathology, perhaps in compensation for voice changes |
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Term
| what does a laryngoscopy show us in a patient with vocal hyperfunction? |
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Definition
| it shows us too much tension in the larynx and surrounding structures: evidence of a habit of squeezing hard to produce voice |
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Term
| what causes a person with vocal hyperfunction unexpected discomfort? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a hard glottal attack? |
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Definition
| preceeding vowels with a glottal stop |
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Term
| what are things you may find with muscular tension dysphonia? |
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Definition
-significant levels of life stress
-possible depression
-possible GERD
-possible elevation of the larynx (which narrows the thyrohyoid space)
-stiffness/pain on palpation
-complaints of vocal fatigue
-voice changes |
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Term
| when does acute traumatic laryngitis happen? when does it go away? |
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Definition
| following a concert or sporting event; resolves rapidly |
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Term
| when does chronic traumatic laryngitis happen? when does it go away? |
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Definition
| using more vocal effort causes it; it takes much longer to go away because there is more damage |
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Term
| traumatic laryngitis is characterized by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is therapy for traumatic laryngitis? |
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Definition
| vocal rest - NO whispering |
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Term
| is traumatic laryngitis reversible? |
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Definition
| acute: yes -- but over time chronic abuse can result in less reversible changes |
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Term
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Definition
| it's the most superficial layer of the lamina propria |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic swelling of Reinke's space |
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Term
| what is Reinke's edema associated with? |
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Definition
| smoking and GERD in addition to vocal abuse |
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Term
| what is therapy for Reinke's edema? |
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Definition
| smoking cessation, GERD management, voice therapy, and possibly surgery |
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Term
| Reinke's edema is also called what? |
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Definition
| polypoid corditis/degeneration |
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Term
| what is the most common type of benign lesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are vocal nodules USUALLY located? |
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Definition
| bilaterally positioned medially, found at the junction of the anterior 1/2 and the posterior 2/3 of the vocal fold --- right in the middle of the vibrating point of the VFs |
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Term
| describe how a vocal nodule forms |
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Definition
| it starts out soft and firms up over time, becoming fibrotic: like a calus |
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Term
| what can cause a vocal nodule? |
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Definition
| vocal abuse or constant throat clearing (it causes more of the VFs to come together so there's more slamming) |
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Term
| what are vocal nodules like in children? |
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Definition
| they affect more boys than girls |
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Term
| what are vocal nodules like in adults? |
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Definition
| they affect more women than men |
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Term
| what is therapy for vocal nodules? |
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Definition
| voice therapy first, NOT surgery -- you have to change the vocally abusive habit |
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Term
| are polpys unilateral or bilateral? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| may arise from one instance of trauma or from several instances |
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Term
| continued phonotrauma results in what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| do polyps affect more men or women? why? |
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Definition
| men - because smokers are more vulnerable |
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Term
| what do sessile polpys look like? pedunculated? |
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Definition
sessile: broad-based
pedunculated: perched on a narrow stem |
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Term
| what is ventricular dysphonia? |
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Definition
| the false vocal folds may approximate during phonation, or they may rest on the true folds and compromise normal phonation |
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Term
| what is pitch like in a patient with ventricular dysphonia? |
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Definition
| low pitch because there's more mass on the vocal folds |
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Term
| how do we treat ventricular dysphonia? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| who is more vulnerable to MTD and related pathologies? |
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Definition
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Term
| why are older adults more vulnerable to disorders? how do we treat them? |
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Definition
| they push or squeeze out sound - we treat them with therapy or give them tools to help them deal with paradoxial vocal fold movement |
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