Term
| in neonatal anatomy, the tongue rests against what? |
|
Definition
| the palate superiorly and lips anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| in neonatal anatomy, what are the buccal sucking pads? what do these allow the baby to do? |
|
Definition
| these are the fatty tissue in the buccinators - they allow the baby to sustain a stable sucking pattern for longer |
|
|
Term
| what are the maxilla and mandible like in a neonate? |
|
Definition
| mandible is disproportionally small compared to the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| what is missing in neonatal anatomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the larynx like in neonatal anatomy? |
|
Definition
| small (1/3 the size of an adults larynx) and high with vertical epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| how does the larynx move in a neonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the digestive track of a neonate similar to an adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for an infant, which phase involved rooting, latch-on, and sucking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does an infant form a central groove with their tongue? which phase does this happen in? |
|
Definition
| to channel the milk posteriorly - this happens in the oral prep stage |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the lateral edges of the tongue in the oral prep phase? why does it do this? |
|
Definition
| the lateral edges of the tongue approximate the palate - they do this to organize the bolus |
|
|
Term
| why does the back of the tongue drop during the oral prep phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the four steps in the oral prep stage for an infant? |
|
Definition
1. rooting, latching, and sucking
2. tongue forms a central groove to channel the milk posteriorly
3. lateral edges of the tongue approximate the palate to organize the bolus
4. back of the tongue drops to create negative pressure |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the oral phase of swallowing for an infant? |
|
Definition
| the tongue moves in a wave-like fashion which creates positive pressure to propel the bolus posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| what are the five steps in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing for an infant? |
|
Definition
1. velum rises
2. tongue moves posteriorly
3. pharyngaeal muscles contract
4. UES opens
5. larynx closes and rises |
|
|
Term
| where is the trigger of the pharyngeal stage for infants? |
|
Definition
| less defined - may be anterior faucial pillars, base of tongue, valleculae, or pyriform sinuses |
|
|
Term
| why must the ductus arterious close for babies? |
|
Definition
| so the baby can get fresh blood |
|
|
Term
| what are five big transitions for babies? |
|
Definition
1. practicing breathing
2. ductus arteriosus must close
3. bombardment with sensory stimuli
4. ambient temperature drops
5. no more meal delivery |
|
|
Term
| what are the 8 steps of the neurobehavioral program? |
|
Definition
1. hand-to-mouth movements
2. tongue movements
3. mouth opening
4. focusing on the nipple
5. crawling to the nipple
6. massaging the breast to every the nipple
7. licking
8. attaching to the breast |
|
|
Term
| how often should you nurse a healthy full-term baby? |
|
Definition
| early and often: 10-12 times a day (8 times minimum) |
|
|
Term
| how often should you bottle feed a healthy full-term baby? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colostrum - the first milk that appears in late pregnancy. Quantities are small and texture is fairly viscous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between 2-6 days postpartum - the onset of copious milk production begins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintenance of milk supply - control switches from endocrine to autocrine (local) |
|
|
Term
| milk in synthesized from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nipple stimulation triggers what? |
|
Definition
| prolactin release in anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| who can help breastfeeding mothers? |
|
Definition
| IBCLC (most intense), CLC/CLE, Volunteers, mother-baby nurses |
|
|
Term
| at birth infants prefer to breathe how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suckling moves how at 6 months? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does an infant spit out a spoon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age is there expanded ROM for jow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does tongue-thrust diminish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age do teeth erupt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does oral exploration of environment become pronounced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age is there coordination of lip, tongue, and jaw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does the lower lip stabilize a cup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does the upper lip clean off a spoon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what month is there no more munching (diagonal rotary movements for chewing)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age is there an increased ability to handle textures/increased finger feeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does a baby feed more or less often as they move out of the newborn stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milk-based diets are recommended until when? |
|
Definition
| the middle of the first year |
|
|
Term
| what are some signs of readiness for solids? |
|
Definition
| sitting independently, reaching, and cutting teeth |
|
|
Term
| what is the advantage to earlier introduction of solids? |
|
Definition
| there is none - not better sleep and not better nutrition |
|
|
Term
| what are good starting solids? |
|
Definition
| rice, strained veggies, strained fruits, etc. - semi-liquid puree, strained/mashed, foods with texture - avoid allergens |
|
|
Term
| do most babies tolerate variation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do we learn to help? (4 steps) |
|
Definition
1. choose your grad school well
2. choose your placements well
3. seek out mentors in different settings
4. listen to families |
|
|
