Term
| aging increases ___________ time. |
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Definition
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Term
| aging delays triggering of what stage? |
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Definition
| the pharyngeal stage (60+) |
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Term
| Aging leads to decreased laryngeal elevation (80-90+), which can lead to what? |
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Definition
| airway compromise in weakened individuals |
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Term
| aging impedes esophageal function, which increases what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the incidence of dysphagia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of patients are in acute care? rehab settings? nursing homes? |
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Definition
AC: 13-15
RS: 30-35
NH: 40-50 |
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Term
| what is the incidence of patients with TBI and dysphagia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the incidence of patients with stroke and dysphagia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the incidence of patients with head and neck cancer with dysphagia? |
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Definition
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Term
| with therapy, what percentage of patients with dysphagia recover or significantly improve? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes an ischemic stroke? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a hemorrhagic stroke? |
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Definition
| a tear in the wall of the blood vessel and blood pours into the brain tissue |
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Term
| who is at risk for having a hemorrhagic stroke? |
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Definition
| patients who have high blood pressure or congenital anomalies |
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Term
| what is an epidural hematoma? |
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Definition
| bleed that sits on top of the dura matter |
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Term
| which type of hematoma is the most life threatening? least life threatening? |
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Definition
most: epidural hematoma
least: subdural hematoma |
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Term
| If the patient lives, which type of hematoma will result in the client making a full recovery? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a subdural hematoma? |
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Definition
| bleed below the dura matter |
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Term
| how long does it take for onset of a subdural hematoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a subarachnoid hematoma? |
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Definition
| a hematoma in the subarachnoid space and presents itself in between a epidural and subdural hematoma |
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Term
| what are primary damages? |
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Definition
| lacerations, bleeds, bruising, etc. |
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Term
| what are secondary damages? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are three movement limitations that make swallowing more difficult for patients with Parkinson's disease? |
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Definition
| tremor, rigidity, and slow movement |
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Term
| because of the progressive nature of certain diseases, how often should you repeat your evaluation of the client? |
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Definition
| every few months because they may need you to adapt their current plan |
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Term
| what is also called the "other parkinson's" disease? |
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Definition
| progressive supranuclear palsy |
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Term
| what is attributed to the accumulation of tau protein in the brain? |
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Definition
| progressive supranuclear palsy |
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Term
| why can progressive supranuclear palsy sometimes be diagnosed as Alzheimer's? |
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Definition
| because of the cognitive changes that accompany it |
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Term
| what is the decline in cognitive abilities, often accompanied by swallowing impairment as the condition progresses? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common form of dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is multi-infarct dementia? |
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Definition
| a small number of strokes cause significant cognitive impairment over time |
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Term
| what is multiple sclerosis? |
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Definition
| the myelin sheaths degenerate and affect neurotransmission |
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Term
| does multiple sclerosis cause motor or cognitive decline? |
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Definition
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Term
| what disease causes a loss of sensitivity, weakness, and poor coordination of complex movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| what disease affects the basal ganglia? what is the BG important for? |
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Definition
| huntington's disease - the basal ganglia is important for motor control |
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Term
| traditionally, patient's with huntington's disease most often die how? |
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Definition
| of respiratory complications secondary to dysphagia (aspirating into the lungs) |
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Term
| what is also called Lou Gehrig's disease? |
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Definition
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
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Term
| what is a progressive illness causing both upper and lower motor neuron damage (thus, spastic and flaccid movements) |
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Definition
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Term
| people who have ALS die how? |
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Definition
| aspiration - resulting in respiratory complications |
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Term
| how can head and neck cancer treatment interfere with swallowing? |
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Definition
| the chemotherapy/radiation can cause nausea, it can damage salivary glands, etc. |
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Term
| what problems do we see in the oral preparatory stage? |
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Definition
1. difficulty keeping food in the mouth
2. difficulty chewing
3. difficulty recognizing an appropriate sized bolus
4. difficulty judging when the bolus can be swallowed
5. extended mealtimes |
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Term
| what problems do we see in the oral transit stage? |
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Definition
1. difficulty propelling the bolus posteriorly
2. residue in the sulci
3. delayed trigger of the pharyngeal stage |
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Term
| what problems do we see in the oral transit stage? |
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Definition
1. BIG: laryngeal penetration and aspiration
2. residue in the valleculae or pyriform sinuses
3. nasal regurgitation
4. fear of choking |
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Term
| what problems do we see in the esophageal stage? |
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Definition
1. reflux
2. painful swallowing |
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Term
| which stage of swallowing does not fall into our scope of practice? |
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Definition
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