Term
| golgi tendon organs (GTO) |
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Definition
-proprioceptors located in tendons that attach end to end
-activated when attached to an active muscle is stretched |
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Term
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Definition
-R/L atria deliver blood to R/L ventricles
-R/L ventricles provide the main force for moving blood |
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Term
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Definition
-also called atrioventricular valves
-prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into atria during ventricular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-semilunar valves
-prevent backflow from the aorta & pulmonary arteries into the ventricles during ventricular relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Sinoatrial node (SA node) |
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Definition
-pacemaker of the heart
-where electrical impulses are initiated |
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Term
| atrioventricular node (AV node) |
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Definition
| where the impulse is delayed slightly before passing into the ventricles |
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Term
| atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle) |
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Definition
| conducts the impulse to the ventricles |
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Term
| L/R bundle branch divide into... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conducts impulses to all parts of ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Atria receives which kinds of nervous system fibers |
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Definition
| parasympathetic & sympathetic |
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Term
| ventricles receive which kind of nervous system fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart
(P wave, QRS complex, T wave) |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial depolarization (results in contraction) |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood away from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| returns blood toward the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| job is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
-small branches of arteries
-help regular blood flow to capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| facilitates exchange of oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, etc. between the blood and interstitial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| collect blood from capillaries and move them into larger veins |
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Term
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Definition
| transport blood back to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| iron protein molecule carries by red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| first generation respiratory passage |
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Term
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Definition
-split into R/L
-second generation passages and split into bronchioles |
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Term
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Definition
| where gases are exchanged in respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure in space between lung pleura and chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
-membranes enveloping the lungs and lining the chest walls
-pressure is usually negative |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure inside alveoli when glottis is open & no air flow in or out of lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| random motion of molecules moving in opposite directions through the alveolar capillary membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| an electrical nerve impulse |
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Term
| Sliding-Filament Theory[image] |
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Definition
| the actin filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments, pulling the z-lines toward the center of the sarcomere and this shortening the muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that is situated at regular intervals along the actin filament |
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Term
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Definition
| another protein molecule which runs along the length of the actin filament in the groove of the double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy for pulling action |
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Term
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Definition
| diffuses across the neuromuscular junction, causing excitation of the sarcolemma |
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Term
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Definition
| a stronger action potential cannot produce a stronger contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| brief contraction of the muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| high frequency twitches that eventually completely fuse |
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Term
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Definition
| slow-twitch muscle fibers - generally efficient and fatigue resistant and have high capacity for aerobic energy supply but have limited potential for rapid force development |
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Term
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Definition
| fast twitch muscle fibers - greater capacity for aerobic metabolism and more capillaries surrounding them |
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Term
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Definition
| fast twitch muscle fibers - high anaerobic power; show greater resistance to fatigue than IIa |
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Term
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Definition
| develop force and relax slowly and have a long twitch time |
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Term
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Definition
| develops force and relaxes rapidly and have a short twitch time |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory receptors located within joints, muscles and tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of shoulder girdle, arm, wrist and hand bones, pelvic girdle, and the bones of the legs, ankles and feet |
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Term
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Definition
very little movement allowed
e.g. skull sutures |
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Term
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Definition
allow limited movement
e.g. intervertebral discs |
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Term
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Definition
allow considerable movement
e.g. elbow, knee |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers articulating bone ends |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid inside joint capsules |
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Term
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Definition
joints that rotate around only one axis
e.g. the elbow |
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Term
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Definition
joints that allow movement around two perpendicular axes
e.g. ankle or wrist joints |
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Term
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Definition
joints that allow movement around all three perpendicular axes
e.g. the shoulder and hip |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3-5 coccygeal vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanisms through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement |
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Term
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Definition
| where muscles are directly attached to bone, usually proximal end |
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Term
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Definition
| blend with muscle and connective tissue surrounding bone (tendons) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscle that can slow down or stop the movement |
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Term
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Definition
| assisting indirectly in a movement |
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Term
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Definition
| lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
| covers skeletal muscles and is continuous with tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| covers fascicles (groups of muscle fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers individual muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. Each muscle cell has only one. |
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Term
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Definition
| a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. All fibers of a motor unit contract together |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of myosin and actin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| actin. This band decreases during contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| the middle of the I band which is pulled toward the center during a contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| myosin. the middle of the A band which becomes smaller during a contraction as actin slides over myosin towards the center of the sarcomere |
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounds each myofibril and terminate at the Z lines. Stores Ca+ ions. Ca+ regulation controls contractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Run perpendicular to the SR, ending at the Z lines between vesicles. Delivers AP simultaneously to all depths of a muscle fiber |
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Term
| Sources of resistance to muscle contraction |
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Definition
| Gravity, inertia, friction, fluid resistance and elasticity |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanisms through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement |
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Term
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Definition
| where muscles are directly attached to bone, usually proximal end |
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Term
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Definition
| blend with muscle and connective tissue surrounding bone (tendons) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscle that can slow down or stop the movement |
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Term
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Definition
| assisting indirectly in a movement |
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Term
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Definition
| lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rigid/semirigid body that when subjected to a force whose line of action does not pass through a pivot point, exerts force on any object impeding its tendency to rotate |
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Term
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Definition
| ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts |
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Term
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Definition
-aka lever arm, force arm, torque arm
-perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
| force generated by biochemical activity, that tends to draw the opposite ends of a muscle toward each other |
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Term
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Definition
| force generated by a source external to the body that is contrary to muscle force (gravity, inertia, friction) |
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Term
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Definition
| lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
aka moment
the degree to which a force tends to rotate an object about a specified fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| change in velocity per unit time |
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Term
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Definition
defined as the time rate of doing work - formula: power = work/time
also loosely defined as "explosive strength" |
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Term
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Definition
| work performed on a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| angle through which an object rotates on |
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Term
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Definition
| object's rotational speed; measured in radians per second (rad/s) |
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Term
| rotational work (formula) |
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Definition
| work = torque x angular displacement |
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Term
| biomechanical factors that are involved in the manifestation of human strength |
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Definition
| neural control, muscle cross-sectional area, muscle fiber arrangement, muscle length, joint angle, muscle contraction velocity, joint angular velocity, and body size |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a feather-like arrangement |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle shortens because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle lengthens because the contractile forces is less than the resistive force |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle length does not change because the contractile force is equal to the resistive force |
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Term
| What are the most common sources of resistance for strength training? |
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Definition
| gravity, inertia, friction, fluid resistance, and elasticity |
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Term
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Definition
downward force on an object from the pull of gravity, aka object's weight
formula: Force = mass x acceleration |
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