Term
|
Definition
| Initial and final values of the loop control variable |
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|
Term
| Most well-known WAN (p.25) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Setting the individual bits of a memory cell to 0 or 1, destroying its previous contents |
|
|
Term
| Smallest element a computer can deal with (p.21) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Copying the contents of a particular memory cell to another storage area |
|
|
Term
| Two types of disk drives used by computers as secondary storage (p.22) |
|
Definition
Hard Drives
Optical Drives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An algorithm step that selects one of several actions |
|
|
Term
| Nested if Statement (p.191) |
|
Definition
| An if statement with another if statement as its true task or its false task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A control structure that repeats a group of steps in a program |
|
|
Term
| Contents of a memory cell (p.20) |
|
Definition
| The information stored in a memory cell, either a program instruction or data |
|
|
Term
| Address of a memory cell (p.20) |
|
Definition
| The relative position of a memory cell in the computers main memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A list of instructions that enables a computer to perform a specific task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual storage location in memory |
|
|
Term
| Most computers consist of the following components (p.19) |
|
Definition
Main memory
Secondary storage
CPU (central processing unit)
input devices
output devices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the set of programs associated with a computer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the statements that are repeated in the loop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used by large real-time transaction processing systems (like ATMS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest capacity and fastest comuters (used by research labs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actual, physical computer equipment |
|
|
Term
| Size of a microprocessor chip (p.17) |
|
Definition
| less than one-fourth the size of a postage stamp |
|
|
Term
| Computer chip (microprocessor chip) (p.16) |
|
Definition
| A silicone chip containing the entire circuitry for a computer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An identifier that represents a corresponding actual argument in a definition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arguments used to pass info into a function subprogram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arguments used to return results to the calling function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An expression used inside the parenthesis of a function call |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition assumed to be true after a function executes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition assumed to be true before a function call |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
graphical user interface.
pics and menus displayed to allow users to select commands and data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A part of the internet whose GUI make associated network resources easily navigable |
|
|
Term
| Booting a computer (p.28) |
|
Definition
| loading the OS from disk onto memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| software used for a specific task, such as word processing, acct, or database mgmt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mnemonic codes that correspond to machine language instructions. More readable, not standardized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binary number codes understood by a specified CPU. Different machine language for every CPU. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grammar rules of a programming language |
|
|
Term
| Software development Method (p.35) |
|
Definition
| a method of solving problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the step by step simulation of the computer execution of an algorithm |
|
|
Term
| Stepwise refinement (p.37) |
|
Definition
| development of a detailed list of steps to solve a particular step in the original algorithm |
|
|
Term
| Developed C Language (p.46) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system program that modifies a c program prior to its compilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a collection of useful functions and symbols that may be accessed by a program |
|
|
Term
| preprocessor directive (p.46) |
|
Definition
| a c program line beginning with # that provides an instruction to the preprocessor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a program that tells the compiler the names of memory cells in a program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a word that has special meaning in c |
|
|
Term
| executable statements (p.49) |
|
Definition
| program lines that are converted to machine language instructions and executed by the computer |
|
|
Term
| standard identifier (p.50) |
|
Definition
| a word having special meaning but one that a programmer may redefine (redefinition isnt recommended) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a name associated with a memory cell whose value can change |
|
|
Term
| variable declarations (p.53) |
|
Definition
| statements that communicate to the compiler the names of variables in the program and the kind of info stored in each variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of values and operations that can be performed on those values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| real numbers (have decimal points) |
|
|
Term
| assignment statement (p.57) |
|
Definition
| an instruction that stores a value or a computational result in a variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instruction that copies data from an input device into memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instruction that displays info stored in memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a call to printf, the variables or expressions whose values are displayed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enclosed in parenthesis following the function name; provides info needed by the function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calling an active function |
|
|
Term
| input/output operation (p.60) |
|
Definition
| a c function that performs an input or output operation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symbol beginning with % in a format string that indicates where to display the output values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a moving place marker that indicates the next position on the screen where info will be displayed |
|
|
Term
| program documentation (p.68) |
|
Definition
| information (comments) that enhances the readability of a program |
|
|
Term
| mixed type expression (p.73) |
|
Definition
| an expression with operands of different types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operator with one operand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of columns used to display a value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing errors from a program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a violation of the C grammar rules, detected during compilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an attempt to perform an invalid operation, detected during program execution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rearrangement of data in a particular sequence (increasing or decreasing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of storage required to store a single character |
|
|
Term
| what does main memory store (p.22) |
|
Definition
| programs, data, and results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin platter of metal or plastic on which data are represented by magnetized spots arranged in tracks |
|
|
Term
| stored program concept (p.20) |
|
Definition
| a computers ability to store program instructions in main memory for execution |
|
|
Term
| software development method (p.16) |
|
Definition
a systematic approach to solving programming problems
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A machine that can recieve, store, transform, and output data of all kinds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An operator that has one operand |
|
|
Term
| Short Circuit Evaluation (p.164) |
|
Definition
| Stopping evaluation of a logical expression as soon as its value can be determined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diagram that shows the step by step execution of a control structure |
|
|
Term
| hand trace (desk check) (p.176) |
|
Definition
| step by step simulation of an algorithms execution |
|
|
Term
| Nested if statement (p.191) |
|
Definition
| an if statement with another if statement as its true task or its false task |
|
|
Term
| Cohesive function (p.187) |
|
Definition
| a function that performs a single operation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| file containing data to be processed by a program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a function that doesnt return a value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a documentation tool that shows the relationship among subproblems of a problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operator with two operands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an error caused by following an incorrect algorithm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a list of the names of files stored on a disk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| file containing results generated by a program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| names collection of data stored on a disk |
|
|
Term
| loop repition condition (p.225) |
|
Definition
| the condition that controls loop repitition |
|
|
Term
| Loop control variable (p.226) |
|
Definition
| the variable whose value controls loop repitition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an end marker that follows the last item in a list of data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| device that uses a laser to access or store data on a cd or dvd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| input/output devices (used to communicate with computer) |
|
|
Term
| The 2 roles of the CPU (p.24) |
|
Definition
| coordinating all computer operations and performing arithmetic and logical operations on data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an integrated circuit that is a full CPU (its called a microprocessor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the computer in a network that controls access to a secondary storage device such as a hard disk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keys used to select operation. The operation selected depends on the program being used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network that connects computers and LANS over a large geographic area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an expression thats either false (represented by zero) pr true (usually represented by one) |
|
|
Term
| Cable internet access (p.27) |
|
Definition
| 2 way high speed transmission of internet data through two of the hundreds of channels available over the coaxial cable that carries tv signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a brief message that indicates readiness to recieve input on an OS that uses command line interface |
|
|
Term
| High level languages (p.30) |
|
Definition
| machine independent programming language that combines algebraic expressions + English symbols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| software that translates a high level language program into machine language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of modeling a problem by extracting the essential variables and their relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaking a problem into its major subproblems and then solving the subproblems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a name that is replaced by a particular constant value before the program is sent to the compiler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| character value: letter, digit, or special symbol |
|
|
Term
| Newline escape sequence (p.61) |
|
Definition
| the character sequence \n, which is used in a format string to terminate an output line |
|
|
Term
| prompt (prompting message) (p.62) |
|
Definition
| a message displayed to indicate what data to enter and in what form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mode of program execution in which the program scans its data from a previously prepared data file |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change in the value of a variable as a result of carrying out an operation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type int variable used to represent whether or not a certain event has occured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a memory cell whose content is the address of another memory cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| units such as flash drives that retain data even when the power to the drive is off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. device that plugs into USB port and stores data bits as trapped electrons
b. uses flash memory |
|
|
Term
| selection control structure (p.158) |
|
Definition
| a control structure that chooses among alternative program statements |
|
|
Term
| Control sturcture (p.158) |
|
Definition
| a combination of individual instructions into a single logical unit with one entry point and one exit point |
|
|
Term
| counter-controlled loop (counting loop) (p.224) |
|
Definition
| a loop whose required number of iterations can be determined before execution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable used to store a value being computed in increments during the execution of a loop |
|
|
Term
| fetching an instruction (p.24) |
|
Definition
| recieving an instruction from main memory, used to process a program in main mem (CPU does this) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high speed memory location inside the CPU where current instruction and data values are stored temporarily |
|
|
Term
| Circuitry of modern CPU (p.24) |
|
Definition
| housed in a single IC which has millions of mini circuits manufactured in a sliver of silicon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comps, printers, scanners, and storage devices connected by cables or wireless for inter communication |
|
|
Term
| Logical expression (p.160) |
|
Definition
| an expression that uses one or more of the logical operators && (and), || (or), ! (not) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (modulator/demodulator) device that converts binary data into audio signals that can be transmitted between comps over phone lines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
software that controls the interaction of user and computer hardware + manages allocation of computer resources
a collection of computer programs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(digital subscription line)
high speed internet connection that uses a phone line and doesnt interfere with simultaneous voice communication on same line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(integrated development environment)
software package combining a word processor, compiler, linker, loader, tools for finding errors |
|
|
Term
| 3 parts of analyzing a problem (p.36) |
|
Definition
I. Identify problem inputs
II. Identifying outputs
III. Any additional requirements or constraints on the solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| text beginning with /* and */ that provides supplementary info but is ignored by the preprocessor and compiler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a call to printf, a string of characters enclosed in quotes ("), which specifies the form of the output line |
|
|
Term
| mixed type assignment (p.74) |
|
Definition
| the expression being evaluated and the variable to which it is assigned have different data types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| converting an expression to a different type by writing the desired type in parenthesis in front of the expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mode of program execution in which the user responds to prompts by entering (typing in) data |
|
|
Term
| Steps to Software Development Method |
|
Definition
I. Specify problem requirements
II. Analyze the problem
III. Design the algorithm to solve the problem
IV. Implement algorithm
V. Test and verify completed program
VI. Maintain and update program |
|
|
Term
| Procedural Abstraction (p.134) |
|
Definition
| a programming technique in which a main function consists of a sequence of function calls and each function is implemented separately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a problem solving method in which you first break a problem into major subproblems, then solve the subproblems to derive the solution to the original problem |
|
|
Term
| compound statement (p.158) |
|
Definition
| a group of statements bracketed by {and} that are executed sequentially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a short function written to test another function by defining its arguments, calling it, and displaying its result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
software that combines object files and resolves cross-references to create an executable machine language program
and functions (see 33) |
|
|
Term
| logical complement (negation) (p.161) |
|
Definition
| the complement of a condition had the value 1 (true) when the conditions value is 0 (false); the complement of a condition has the value 0 (false) when the conditions value is nonzero (true) |
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|
