Term
| 3 interventions utilized by PTs |
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Definition
| electrotherapeutic, physical agents, mechanical modalities |
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Term
| Which intervention utilized by PTs is not typically used in isolation but as part of an overall intervention strategy |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Application of interventions depends on what 4 things? |
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Definition
| culture, lifestyle of ptnt, age, gender |
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Term
| Pre-intervention assessment starst with what 7 things? |
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Definition
| visual inspection, hot vs chold, light touch discrimination, assess circulation, assess vital signs, objective measures, cognition |
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Term
| cold pulls heat away from the body primarily through what 3 energy exchanges |
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Definition
| conduction, evaporation, convection |
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|
Term
| energy transfer which involves the application of the cold agent directly onto the body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| List the tissues from greatest/fastest temperature change to least/slowest temperature change (3) |
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Definition
| skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle |
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|
Term
| Name a tissue with less water content than muscle that also is a good insulator and inhibits heat transfer |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tissues with a higher water content are what? |
|
Definition
| better thermal conductors |
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|
Term
| transformation of a liquid to gas is what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| evaporation only has what type of effect? |
|
Definition
| superficial, little to to no effect on subcutaneous tissue and muscle |
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|
Term
| type of energy transfer in which there is immersion in cold water, such as a whirlpool where cold water swirls around the immersed body part |
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Definition
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Term
| local effects: intramuscular temperatures can be reduced by up to how many degrees C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why is ice used for acute trauma? |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction (decrease bleeding and swelling), decreases cell metabolism, increases pain threshold, |
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|
Term
| for the treatment of acute sprains/strains and post-operative care application is recomended for the first ____ to _____ hours |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why is ice used to decrease edema |
|
Definition
| slowed tissue metabolism, increased viscosity of the blood |
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|
Term
| why is ice used to inhibit spasms as a result of muscle injury |
|
Definition
| decreases muscle spindle depolarization and decreases nerve conduction velocity of afferent (sensory) fibers |
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|
Term
| why is ice used to inhibit spasticity temporarily |
|
Definition
| decreases a muscle's sensitivity to stretch |
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|
Term
| when icing to inhibit spasticity what occurs 30 minutes to 2 hours following icing intervention? |
|
Definition
| rebound phenomenon, spasticity increases within that time frame |
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|
Term
| How soon should ice be applied to an injury to minimize soft tissue injory/death and inhibit inflammatory response? |
|
Definition
| within 5 minutes of injury |
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|
Term
| Icing for this amount of time will lead to a compensatory cold-induced vasodlation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles can be facilitated with exposure to ______ cold applications |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles are facilitated only with brief cold applications, meaning this can be used in patients with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| longer exposure of cold has what effects on muscles? |
|
Definition
| decreases muscle excitability and muscle spindle depolarization, increased internal friction and thus exhibits less torque which decreases muscle strength temporarily |
|
|
Term
| why is ice good for treatment of small acute burns? |
|
Definition
| decreases neural input which decreases pain and subsequent blistering |
|
|
Term
| why does ice application lead to an increased tolerance for exercise |
|
Definition
| decreased neural input, slowed neural conduction velocity |
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|
Term
| specific examples of general effects of cold (3) |
|
Definition
| hubbard tank, full body whirlpool, general ice towel application |
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|
Term
| general effects of cold: will cool this specific gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cooling of the anterior hypothalamus results in what |
|
Definition
| decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, metabolic rate |
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|
Term
| general effects of cold: there are increases to what? (4) |
|
Definition
| increased blood flow to internal organs, cardiac output, stroke volume, and arterial blood pressure |
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|
Term
| What are the stages of ice application? (4) |
|
Definition
| intense cold, burning/aching, local anesthesia, numbness |
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|
Term
| intense cold occurs within ____ minutes of cold application |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| burning and aching occurs within how many minutes of cold application |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| local anesthesia occurs between how many minutes of ice application |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| numbness occurs within how many minutes of ice application |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8 indications of cryotherapy? |
|
Definition
| reduces edema, pain relief, decreased muscle spasm/spasticity, reduces fever, emergency care of burn, decreased ROM d/t pain, acute and chronic traumatic and inflammatory conditions, facilitation of flaccid muscles |
|
|
Term
| how is cryotherapy used to facilitate flaccid muscles? |
|
Definition
| 3-5 swipes over teh muscle belly |
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|
Term
| 6 precautions for cryotherapy |
|
Definition
| over superficial nerves, over open wounds, hypertension, poor sensation to cold, impaired mentation, very young and very old |
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|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why impaired peripheral circulation? |
|
Definition
| inability of the body to forward warm blood ot the injured area |
|
|
Term
| impaired peripheral circulation may be caused what 2 conditions? |
|
Definition
| raynaud's phenomenon, peripheral arterial disease |
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|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why is hypertension listed? |
|
Definition
| d/t secondary vasoconstriction caused by icing |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why is impaired sensation listed? |
|
Definition
| inability to discriminate if the agent is too cold |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why is impaired mentation on the list? |
|
Definition
| inability to discriminate if the agent is too cold |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why is cardiac dysfunction on the list? |
|
Definition
| ice may make the heart work hearder and can compromise already low blood volume |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why are acute/deep open wounds on the list? |
|
Definition
| reduces blood flow and metabolism slows the healing process |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why are regenerating peripheral nerves on the list? |
|
Definition
| slows meatbolism and regeneration |
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|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why is hypersensitivity to cold on the list? |
|
Definition
| may lead to erythema of the skin, wheals, and severe itching d/t a histamine reaction |
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|
Term
| contraindications for cryotherapy: why is cryoglobinemia/cryoglobinuria on the list? |
|
Definition
| procesence of an abnormal protein in the blood/urine that thickens with exposure to cold |
|
|
Term
| 4 adverse effects of cold |
|
Definition
| tissue death, frost bite, nerve damage, unwanted vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| how logn should ice/cold packs be left on for pain , inflammation, edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long should ice be left on to reduce spasticity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how frequently should ice towels be cycled? |
|
Definition
| til towel no longer cold, 45-60 seconds |
|
|
Term
| how long does ice towel treatment go for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does anestheia take to occur when using an ice massage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the general procedure for contrast/bath immersion |
|
Definition
| how water for 6-10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, hot water for 4 minutes, cold water for 1 minute |
|
|
Term
| how hot should the water be for contrast bath/immersion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how cold should the water be for the contrast bath/immersion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does contrast bath/immersion take? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what condition would end their contrast/immersion in the hot bath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what condition would end their contrast bath/immersion in the cold water? |
|
Definition
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