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CRT 205 - Arguments
course chapter 7 from Arguments Quiz II, covering terms
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Undergraduate 2
02/12/2012

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Term
argument
Definition
a set of claims consisting of a conclusion, which is to be supported, and one or more premises, which are to be the conclusion
Term
deductive argument
Definition
a valid argument, or one intended to be valid is a what kind of argument?
Term
conclusion
Definition
the claim that is argued for is what?
Term
dependent premises
Definition
these type of premises are two or more premises in an argument, all of which must be true in order to support the conclusion.
Term
good
Definition
A ___ argument is one that offers justification for accepting its conclusion; the most general term of approbation for arguments.
Term
Independent
Definition
___ premises are two or more premises in an argument, each of which provides the support it does for the conclusion regardless of whether the others are tur.
Term
invalid
Definition
A(n) ___ argument, usually intended to be valid, is one that is not
Term
premise
Definition
A(n) ___ is a claim that provides a reason for believing the conclusion.
Term
sound
Definition
A(a)___ argument is a valid argument all whose premises are true
Term
strong
Definition
A(a) ___ argument is normally inductive and of the sort that, when all of its premises are true, the conclusion is unlikely to be false.
Term
unsound
Definition
A(a) ___ argument is a deductive argument that is not sound, whether because one or more of its premises is false or because it is not valid
Term
unstated
Definition
A(a)___ premise is one needed in an argument to make it valid or strong
Term
valid
Definition
A(a) ___ argument is a deductive argument of the sort that, whenever all its premise are true, the conclusion is true as well.
Term
Window dressing
Definition
___ is non-argumentative material included within, or in lieu of, an argument.
Term
Dependent
Definition
"___ premises need one another all to be true to make the argument work."
Term
Independent
Definition
"___ premises need do not one another all to be true to make the argument work."
Term
good
Definition
"In most general terms, we call an argument ___ if it gives grounds for accepting the conclusion."
Term
Valid
Definition
"A ___ argument with true premises provides absolute proof of the truth of the conclusion."
Term
Invalid
Definition
"A deductive argument whos true premises do not necessarily prove its conclusion is considered to be ____"
Term
Sound
Definition
"An argument is ___ if it is valid and all of its premises are true."
Term
Strong or Weak
Definition
"When arguments are not intended to be valid, they may be evluated as ___ or ___."
Term
Strong
Definition
"An argument is ___ if, whenever all its premises are true, the conclusion is unlikely to be false."
Term
Valid or Invalid
Definition
"___ and ___ are absolute terms - they either hold for an argument or they don't."
Term
Premise
Definition
The claim or claims in an argument that provide the reasons for believing the conclusion
Term
The naturalistic fallacy
Definition
beggining with an "is" and deducing an "ought" is known as what type of fallacy?
Term
Utilitarianism
Definition
_____ is a moral theory that focuses mainly on concequences
Term
Deontology or deontologsim
Definition
____ is a moral theory that focuses mainly on one's intentions
Term
Deontology
Definition
___ is a moral theory that focuses mainly on an act of being universalizable
Term
Analogy
Definition
An appeal to precedent is a type of ___.
Term
appeal to precedent
Definition
The claim (in law) that a current case is sufficiently similar to a previous case that should be settled in the same way (ch.12)
Term
categorical imperative
Definition
Kant's term for an absolute moral rule that is justified because of its logic:
Term
divine command theory
Definition
the vew that our moral duty(what's right or wrong) is dictated by God.
Term
duty theory
Definition
the view that a person should perform an action becausse it is his or her moral duty to perform it, not because eof any consequences that might follow from it.
Term
harm principle
Definition
the claim that the only way to justify a restriction on a person's freedom is to sow that the only restriction prevents harm to other people
Term
hypothetical imperative
Definition
Kant's term for a command that is binding only if one is interested in a certain result; an "if-then" situation.
Term
legal moralism
Definition
the theory that, if an activity is immoral, it should also be illegal.
Term
legal paternalism
Definition
the theory that a restriction on a person's freedom can sometimes be justified by showing that it is for that person's own benefit.
Term
moral relativism
Definition
the view that what is moraaly right and wrong depends on and is determined by one's group or culture.
Term
non sequitur
Definition
the fallacy of irrelevant conclusions; an inference that does no follow from the premises.
Term
offense principle
Definition
the claim that an action or activity can justifiably be made illegal if it is sufficiently offensive
Term
stare decisis
Definition
"Letting the decision stand." Going by precedent.
Term
utilitarianism
Definition
the moral position unified around the basic idea that we should promote happniness as much as possible and wight actions or derivative principles in terms of their utility in achieving this goal
Term
virtue ethics
Definition
the moral position unified around the basic idea that each of us should try to perfect a virtous character that we exhibit in all actions
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