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| is a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time as a result of natural selection |
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| What was Pre-Darwinian thought about the concept of evolution? |
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| All organisms were created simultaneously by God, and that each distinct life-form was permanently fixed and did not change over time. Heavily influenced by theology. |
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| What Plato propose about evolution? |
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| That each object on Earth was merely a temporary reflection of its divinely inspired "ideal form" |
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| What did Aristotle add to evolution? |
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| He arranged all organisms on a linear scale of increasing complexity(the ladder of nature) |
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| How did the concept of Evolution come about? |
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Definition
| Through exploration of new lands revealed a staggering diversity of life. The variety of species observed allowed naturalists to see patterns that had not emerged before. Different areas had species who resembled each other but differed in some areas. These patterns seemed inconsistent with the idea that species were fixed and unchanging. |
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| the preserved remains or traces of organisms that died long ago |
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| William Smith recognized that certain fossils were always found in the same layers of rock. Many rocks occur in lays, with newer layers positioned over older layers. |
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| Most fossils found in the oldest layers were _____ from modern organisms. |
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| The fossil evidence led to a revolutionary conclusion: |
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| Different types of organisms had lived at different times in the past. This countered the view that species were created at one time and didn't change. |
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| What conclusions did Geological evidence lead to? |
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Definition
- Earth was older than 6,000 years
- There was enough time for evolution to occur
- Modern geologists estimate earth is 4.5 billion years old
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| What did Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace propose? |
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| In 1858, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently proved? |
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Definition
| provided evidence of the occurence of evolution and proposed the mechanism for how it occurs. |
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| What did Darwin and Wallace propose? |
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Definition
| that organisms evolved by Natural selection |
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| What did Darwin's work On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection say? |
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Definition
| Proposed that individuals evolved through a process of descent with modification |
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Term
individuals in each generation differ slightly from the members of the preceding generation.
over long time periods, small genetic differences accumulate to produce major transformations. |
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Definition
| descent with modification |
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| What 4 principles was Darwin and Wallace's theory based on? |
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Definition
1. individual members of a population are different from one another.
2. at least some of the differences between members of a population are characteristics that may be passed from parent to offspring.
3. in each generation, some individuals in a population survive and reproduce successfully, others do not.
4. individuals with advantageous traits survive longest and produce the most offspring, a process known as natural selection |
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| Natural selection modifies what over time? |
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| Natural selection acts on individuals within a population; however.... |
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Definition
| it is the population that changes over time |
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| How do we know that evolution has occured? |
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Definition
1. fossils provide evidence of evolutionary change over time.
2. comparative anatomy gives evidence of descent with modification.
3. embryological similarity suggests common ancestry.
4. modern genetic analyses reveal similarities among diverse organisms |
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Term
| are structures that have the same evolutionary origin despite their current appearance or function. |
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| bird and mammalian forelimbs are examples of |
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| are remnants of structures that are inherited from ancestors |
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| An example of a vestigial structure is.... |
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| is selective breeding to produce plants and animals that possess desireable traits |
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| Humans have created tremendous variation in several species over relatively short periods of time through |
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