Term
|
Definition
kidneys
ureters
adrenal glands
pancreas
aorta
IVC
urinary bladder
ascending colon
descending colon
most of the duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gallbladder
liver
ovaries
spleen
stomach
majority of intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another name for GI tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules for absorption or transportation across the intestinal cell |
|
|
Term
| GI tract is formed during the ___th week of development. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peristalsis begins during the ___th week of development, and swallowing during the ___th |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
foregut
midgut
hindgut
tailgut |
|
|
Term
| What structures develop from the foregut? |
|
Definition
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
proximal duodenum |
|
|
Term
| What structures develop from the midgut? |
|
Definition
duodenum
small intestine
large intestine up to transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| What structures develop from the hindgut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures develop from the tailgut? |
|
Definition
| none; the tailgut is reabsorbed |
|
|
Term
| Where does food transport and digestion begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pharynx is located ________ the nose, mouth, and larynx and is _____ long. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This structure allows the passage of a food bolus, rather than air, into the esophagus through the act of swallowing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The esophagus travels ________ to the pharynx, ______ to the trachea. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The esophagus is ________ long. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the most muscular structure of the GI tract. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main functions of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
transport food to stomach
prevent reflux of GI contents |
|
|
Term
| This organ is bordered by the liver, spleen, left kidney, pancreas, diaphragm, and transverse colon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stomach has a volume of ___-____, and is ____-____ long and ___-____ wide. |
|
Definition
volume:2-4 L
length: 24-30cm
width: 10-12cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outer longitudinal
middle circular
inner oblique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antrum
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter |
|
|
Term
| 5 ligaments anchoring stomach |
|
Definition
greater omentum
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
lienorenal ligament
gastrohepatic ligament of lesser omentum |
|
|
Term
| This hormone is released by the stomach to stimulate the secretion of gastric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This structure is typically visualized between the free edge of the left lobe of the liver and the anterior surface of the spleen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The small intestine is _______ long and ____ in diameter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the shortest section of the small intestine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the longest section of the small intestine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior, descending, transverse, ascending |
|
|
Term
| Which section of the small intestine contains Brunner's glands and valves of Kerckring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This hormone is released by the small intestine to decrease the amount of acid content in the intestines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These structures slow the passage of food to increase nutrient absorption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 layers of bowel wall which create the target/bull's-eye 'gut signature' from inner to outer |
|
Definition
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
mesothelium |
|
|
Term
| The ____ and celiac supply blood to the small intestine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This organ begins in the right inguinal region. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The large intestine is _____ long, making it ________ than the small intestine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9 parts of large intestine |
|
Definition
vermiform appendix
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus |
|
|
Term
| In the large intestine _____ and ________ absorption transform liquid intestinal material to a semi-solid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the area between the rectum and lower uterine segment in females, and posterior to the prostate gland in men. |
|
Definition
| pouch of Douglas/rectouterine pouch/posterior cul-de-sac |
|
|
Term
| Blood supply to the large intestine is from the ____, _____, and celiac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meckel's diverticulum affects ___-___% of the population. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Serum laboratory values include: |
|
Definition
cholesterol total
lipids total
triglycerides
phospholipids
fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| Plasma laboratory values include: |
|
Definition
carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)
HDL cholesterol
LDL cholesterol
VLDL cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Urine laboratory values include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This function of the spleen only occurs during embryologic development, and ends shortly after birth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In utero, the spleen consists of _____ pulp only. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spleen is posterolateral to: |
|
Definition
body and fundus of stomach
tail of pancreas
splenic flexture of left colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diaphragm
left lung
ribs (#9-11) |
|
|
Term
| The spleen is anterosuperior to the ___________, its most recognizable landmark. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spleen, while variable, is usually less than ____ long, _____ wide, and _____ in diameter, with a volume of ________. |
|
Definition
length: 12cm
width: 6cm
diameter: 7cm
volume: 350ml |
|
|
Term
| The spleen is best described as ______ shaped, with convex superior and concave inferior surfaces. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ pulp is composed of splenic sinuses and cords. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ pulp is responsible for reticuloendothelial and phagocytic functions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ pulp contains malpighian corpuscles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hematopoiesis occurs in ______ pulp. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 main functions of the spleen |
|
Definition
hematopoiesis
defense
red blood cell and platelet destruction
storage |
|
|
Term
| When hemoglobin is broken down, iron can be used immediately, or be stored in ________, the most abundant pigment released during phagocytosis of degenerating red blood cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pigment is turned into bilirubin to be excreted by the liver in bile. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability of the spleen to store red blood cells is due to high ________ content. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing of nuclei from red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing senescent or abnormal red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| With B scanning, splenomegaly was considered if the spleen was visualized _____ to the aorta. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This normal variant is found in up to 10% of the population. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laboratory values for the spleen |
|
Definition
hematocrit
bacteremia
leukocytosis
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia |
|
|
