Term
| "pistillate" flower (female) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "staminate" flower (male) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 palmer amaranth weeds per 20 row feet of cotton result in how much reduced yield |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 classes of physiological dormancy |
|
Definition
-growth regulators
-immature embryo
-cold stratification
-light requirement
-fire adapted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animal Plant Health Inspection Service |
|
|
Term
| Advantage of bed planting |
|
Definition
| keeps plant out of the water so it warms up easier; useful in wetter areas; this has to be along the slope |
|
|
Term
| Advantage of furrow planting |
|
Definition
| gets more water; useful in dryer areas; this has to be perpendicular to the slope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seeds and cultipacks all at once |
|
|
Term
| Bulliform cells are next to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conditions needed for germination |
|
Definition
-Viable embryo
-Water
-Favorable temperature (species dependent)
-Available oxygen
-Suitable light |
|
|
Term
| Descriptive Classification of Plants |
|
Definition
-by growth habit
-climactic |
|
|
Term
| Disturbing the soil leads to... |
|
Definition
| all the soil particles (both large and small) being mixed |
|
|
Term
| Easy to apply fertilizers and pesticides when there’s no... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GMO corn at high population densities leads to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| without GMO, your pesticide use will decrease as the system gets closer to tertiary, but with GMO, it’s the other way around |
|
|
Term
| Here in Georgia, heads on tall fescue develop in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoxic areas have high... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In nature, small seeds need to be where? |
|
Definition
| right at the soil surface |
|
|
Term
| In nature, small seeds need to get what light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lotta farmers in the Mississippi watershed are mandated to use... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the things we can do to make us more efficient |
|
Definition
| reduce our dependence on liquid fuel |
|
|
Term
| Options for planting configurations in Peanuts |
|
Definition
-twin row peanuts
-single row peanuts |
|
|
Term
| Origin of Species published in what year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outcrossing between species |
|
Definition
| this is basically mating between species under certain conditions that leads to viable offspring and maybe new species |
|
|
Term
| Outcrossing within a species |
|
Definition
| finding a mate of the same species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sequence of events during germination |
|
Definition
-Absorption of water (post coat-imposed dormancy)
-Activation of enzymes (post physiological dormancy – hormonally controlled)
-Hydrolysis of stored energy
-Translocation of liberated energy to embryo
-Respiration of embryo – mitosis
-Emergence of embryo from soil
-Chloroplast development
-Water/mineral uptake
-Photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| Some ways seed coats affect germination |
|
Definition
-Water imbibition
-Physical constraint
-Gas exchange; might not get enough oxygen to start germination
-Exit inhibitors
-Supply inhibitors; usually associated with some kind of mineral nutrition, most often nitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tomato spotted wilt virus |
|
|
Term
| The dust bowl was a result of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is used to bust up the plow pan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Variables to consider when planting a crop |
|
Definition
-Soil Fertility
-Crop to plant (economic, agronomic)
-Variety of Crop -Method of seedbed preparation
-Pest control
-Row spacing and population denisty
-Outsourcing?
-Timing of planting and timing of harvest
-Storage of crop
-Marketing the crop |
|
|
Term
| ______ cells tend to have lots more chloroplasts than cells in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a couple pictures showing the difference between conventional tillage and no-till |
|
Definition
| conventional on left, no-till on right [image] |
|
|
Term
| a function of abscisic acid in seeds |
|
Definition
| makes the seed not germinate right when it hits the ground; this helps it germinate when environmental conditions are right |
|
|
Term
| a land preparation factor that small seeded crops require |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a plant that resulted from outcrossing between species |
|
Definition
| we have a plant called triticale, which is a cross between wheat, triticul, and rye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| advantage of diesel engines over gasoline engines |
|
Definition
| Diesel engines are about 30% more efficient than gasoline engines |
|
|
Term
| advantages of conservation tillage |
|
Definition
-Improves soil physical/chemical conditions (primarily organic matter, but also decaying roots give the soil more macropores)
-Reduced cost in long run
-Less time – more strategic decision making; you cover more ground in less time
-Less erosion
-Increased water infiltration
-Moderates soil temperature
-Reduces fuel cost |
|
|
Term
| advantages of conventional tillage |
|
Definition
-Modifies surface soil conditions
-Easier to apply fertilizers and pesticides
-Reduces overwintering by some insects and diseases
-Buries seeds (Roundup tolerant plants)
-Easier to view crop |
|
|
Term
| advantages of epigeal germination |
|
Definition
-cotyledons are p'synthetically active and provide "leaf-like" functions
-stored energy less critical
-gives extra seedling vigor |
|
|
Term
| advantages of hypogeal germination |
|
Definition
| advantageous in the event of catastophic events that might remove vegetation, such as fire, frost, insect, and grazing animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed accidentally or in an unusual anatomical position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tap root ceases and many adventitious roots |
|
|
Term
| aerobic respiration begins in the ______ and gets completed in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ag in the case of row crops seems to be perpetual ______ succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identification of plants based upon agricultural use |
|
|
Term
| aleurone cells produce ______ in monocots |
|
Definition
| gibberillic acid and amylase |
|
|
Term
| amount of chloroplasts per plant cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of mitochondria per plant cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of plant mass taken up by roots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an advantage of secondary tillage |
|
Definition
| Less disruptive of the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anatomy of a dicot seed, such as soybean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anatomy of a monocot seed, such as corn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perfect and staminate flowers on same plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete growth cycle every year by producing seed |
|
|
Term
| another example of members of an ecosystem serving their function |
|
Definition
-grass pasture is a producer
-grazing animal is a utilizer of the pasture, but produces food for man. therefore, grazing animal's primary function is as a utilizer and a secondary function as a producer.
-man is a utilizer of meat product. predator animals sometimes consume meat. parasites are also consumers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flowering and pollination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are the crops of concern in this course herbaceous or woody perennial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at night, when the guard cells close, this happens with the CO2 in the leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the at plant insecticide for peanut that has lowest risk score for TSWV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends from lemma; increases evaporative surface for cooling of flower thru transpiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best control methods for TSWV |
|
Definition
| cultural methods that occur at planting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| requires 2 growing seasons to complete life cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crops that if we plant them, they first develop a root system, then the following year, they develop the food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-colder region of temperate zone
-Alaska |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular rather than at nodes as in stem |
|
|
Term
| branching patterns of roots in monocots |
|
Definition
| -fibrous (usually shallow) -up to 12 main roots -monocots may have brace roots |
|
|
Term
| brief description of what happens when Rhizobium infects cell |
|
Definition
| Rhizobium inhibit cell wall elongation such that it curls around to form what’s called a shepherd’s crook, then the cell wall dissolves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compressed stems with fleshy leaves surrounding them, with each leaf being a "scale" that contains stored food |
|
|
Term
| can the endophyte in tall fescue be non toxic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segmented chambers in ovary that house ovules; there may be one or many carpels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| straight chain of glucose (6C) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grasses grown for their edible seed |
|
|
Term
| certification results in... |
|
Definition
-higher yields
-higher crop quality (purity maintained)
-greater return per dollar invested |
|
|
Term
| changes in similar species occurred because of... |
|
Definition
| environmental pressures exerted upon the species as Earth's biosphere changed |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of plant morphology crops were bred for |
|
Definition
| reduced lodging (falling over) |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of yield crops were bred for |
|
Definition
| greater percentage of the plant being the desired component |
|
|
Term
| chisel aka disk harrow used for... |
|
Definition
| most commonly used for large seeded crops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no debris left on soil surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective sheath which houses expanding leaves; keeps leaves from abraiding in soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective coat over root to keep developing root from being abraided by soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Thickened primary cell walls
-contain cytoplasm
-long cylinders
-structural support of young tissue |
|
|
Term
| companion cells found in which plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissues made of more than one cell type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-highly branched and complex
-made of cinnamic acid alcohols (CA) |
|
|
Term
| composition of macrosclereids |
|
Definition
| lignified, contain tannins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Residue remains on soil surface |
|
|
Term
| conservation tillage aka... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fungicide that is on seed surface such that the root that comes out is in the fungicide zone, which is the zone of protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compressed stem with non-fleshy scales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the petals (collectively) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region between epidermis and vascular system (parenchyma and schlerenchyma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized leaf that serves as a food source for developing embryo, usually in the form of oil |
|
|
Term
| crops that don't have to be replanted every year are generally in this stage of succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crops that stay in primary stage of succession |
|
Definition
-corn
-wheat
-soybeans
-peanuts
-cotton |
|
|
Term
| cross section of a mature cotton stem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cross section of a monocot leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cross section of a young cotton stem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing off types in a seed crop |
|
|
Term
| decreasing germination results from increasing... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of a complete dicot flower |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of a dicot meristem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of a stem with parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of cell containing N fixing bacteria surrounded by sclerenchyma and vascular bundle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of epigeal germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of how Rhizobium leads to the formation of root nodules on legume roots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of how phospholipids act in water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of how some plant seeds oscilate between dormancy and germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of hypogeal germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of meristem grass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of mitochondrion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of root meristem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the layers of a dicot leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the layers of a dicot seed coat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of where subsoiling was done directly beneath the row |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aid in lateral flow of water from vessels |
|
|
Term
| details about schlerenchyma |
|
Definition
-thick-walled, heavily lignified (secondary cell wall)
-non-living
-form a network of interlaced tissues
-schlerids |
|
|
Term
| details about secondary tillage |
|
Definition
-may follow primary tillage, or use in place of where land is already smooth
-less disruptive of the soil
-numerous types of implementts and attachments |
|
|
Term
| details about tracheids in xylem |
|
Definition
-angular, long, slender
-lignified
-contains pits on ends and sides which allow liquid to flow in all directions |
|
|
Term
| details about vessels in xylem |
|
Definition
-modifed tracheids with no ends; they line up end to end to form long tunnels thru which water can flow
-up to 5 ft long
-large diameters compared to tracheids
-highly lignified |
|
|
Term
| difference between feed crops and forages |
|
Definition
| forages use all the harvested portion of the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| staminate and pistillate flowers born on separate plants |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of Brillion seeders |
|
Definition
| These are expensive and high maintenance due to rust out; you don’t want this to sit outside |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of conservation tillage |
|
Definition
-Increased dependence on chemicals
-High initial cost due to specialized equipment
-Higher incidence of disease/insect pests (so rotate!)
-Higher nutrient leaching due to more macropores; therefore, you have to be more prudent with mobile nutrients, such as nitrogen
-Harder to uniformly apply fertilizers/pesticides because dead organic matter interferes with it
-Weed Resistances are building because of gene tech.
+Will insect resistance follow? |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of conventional tillage |
|
Definition
-Erosion
-Compaction
-Cost (major consideration – especially for future)
-Reduced soil organic matter
-Loss of soil structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do gene technologies portend benefit to the producer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do you see the benefit of no till right away? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do you want the endophyte to be in the seed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period during which seeds don't germinate even when conditions are favorable |
|
|
Term
| eamples of plants bred for insect or disease resistance or yield |
|
Definition
| Georgia green peanuts (tomato spot wilt virus resistant) |
|
|
Term
| eamples of plants bred to grow under specific environmental conditions |
|
Definition
-winter dormancy in alfalfa
-winter hardiness in wheat |
|
|
Term
| eamples of plants bred to meet specific market requirements |
|
Definition
-high lysine corn
-high oil spearmint/peppermint for chewing gum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relations among producers, users, and decomposers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2.5 times the energy of carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous cell layer surrounding plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypocotyl extends and cotyledons emerge above soil surface |
|
|
Term
| every county in Georgia has resistant... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of a plant that has epigeal germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of a seed that uses an immature embryo form of dormancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of an andromonoecious plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of increased land use reducing genetic diversity |
|
Definition
| expansion of ag in Great Plains leaves behind little or no diversity of native grass species |
|
|
Term
| example of members of an ecosystem serving their function |
|
Definition
-corn is a producer
-corn earworms and man are utilizers
-fungi and diseases are decomposers |
|
|
Term
| example of primary succession in Georgia |
|
Definition
| grasses and weeds which invade open space (annuals) |
|
|
Term
| example of primary succession in Great Plains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of secondary succession in Georgia |
|
Definition
| shrubs and small trees-- always changing (perrenials) |
|
|
Term
| example of secondary succession in Great Plains |
|
Definition
-cool season grasses (short lived)
-forbes (small woody plants)
-seedling warm season grasses (long lived) |
|
|
Term
| example of tertiary succession in Georgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of the specifity of rxns enzymes can catalyze |
|
Definition
| some enzymes responsible for respiration; of these, some in cytoplasm, others in mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| example of waste pertaining to vacuole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of complex tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-all cereals (corn, wheat, barley, etc.). used for energy
-soybeans- soybean meal is used for protein |
|
|
Term
| examples of hardiness in plants |
|
Definition
-xerophytes
-cold tolerance
-drought tolerance |
|
|
Term
| examples of monoecious plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-canola
-sunflower
-flax
-safflower
-(also soybean and peanut) |
|
|
Term
| examples of plants that go thru physical dormancy due to hard seed coat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of rotting of lamella when wounds occur |
|
Definition
1: rotten fruit
2: seedling death (house plant cutting) |
|
|
Term
| examples of seed legumes (pulse crops) |
|
Definition
-peanut
-soybean
-field bean
-garden pea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crops and seed or seed product is fed to livestock (usually in western feedlots) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grown for fiber or clothing, paper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeds are planted on flat land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tap roots swell and become storage organs for food |
|
|
Term
| floral parts in dicots occur in multiples of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| floral parts of monocots occur in multiples of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| food supply in dicot seeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| food supply in dicot seeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| food supply in monocot seeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| food supply in monocot seeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants whose products are used by livestock for grazing, haymaking, pelletting, or ensilling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| role of each member within an ecosystem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases evaporative surface for cooling of flower thru transpiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structural/mechanical support of young tissues during early growth |
|
|
Term
| function of companion cells in dicots |
|
Definition
| they help to facilitate movement of food in and out of sieve tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sticky to make pollen stay on there |
|
|
Term
| function of integral proteins |
|
Definition
| integrate the outside and the inside of the membrane |
|
|
Term
| function of leghemoglobin |
|
Definition
| carries O2 to the Rhizobium in the nodules |
|
|
Term
| function of lemma and palea |
|
Definition
| actively photosynthesizing and contribute to energy needed for seed development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of membranes within cell |
|
Definition
| physical barrier between organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of parenchyma in leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of parenchyma in stem/root |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of peripheral proteins |
|
Definition
| the ones on the outside of the cell serve as mechanisms for cell communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of proteins in the lipid bilayer |
|
Definition
| to allow things to get into and out of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avenue for vascular system to reach flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase surface area of root for efficient absorption of water and nutrients |
|
|
Term
| function of schlerenchyma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of the primary cell wall |
|
Definition
| forms a skeleton around the cell and gives the cell form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-waste products deposition
-osmotic regulation (drought escape); holds and releases water to maintain normal cell activity |
|
|
Term
| function of vascular system (stem) in plants |
|
Definition
| serves as conductive tissue, but also helps support plant; analogous to circulatory system of animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1: water conservtion (cuticle)
2: gas exchange
3: water absorption in roots (root hairs)
4: secretion (trichomes)
5: plant cooling (hairy leaves)
6: protrection from invading pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anchorage
-absorption of water and nutrients
-food storage |
|
|
Term
| gaseous chambers enable plants to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| germination strategy used by cotton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| germination strategy used by grasses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lemma and palea collectively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basically remnants of the endoplasmic reticulum that have things the cell is gonna export |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broadcast small seeds- grasses and legumes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| special cells which regulate gas exchange by opening and closing (depending upon daylight and environment) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| will survive winter at a specific temperate climate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branched chains of 5C sugars with cellulose backbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control unwanted insects and diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how Rhizobium bacteria get deposited into cell x |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how deep do the chisel plow/points go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how deep does the disk plow go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how deep does the moldboard plow go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how deep subsoilers penetrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how dormancy guarantees germination in space |
|
Definition
-distance from mother plant
-depth in soil
-open areas of field
-etc. |
|
|
Term
| how dormancy guarantees germination in time |
|
Definition
| appropriate season vs. timed germination events within a season |
|
|
Term
| how growth regulators in seeds are removed |
|
Definition
| removed by microbial decay or leached from the seed coat by water |
|
|
Term
| how hormones influence genes |
|
Definition
| hormones attach to proteins, which can lead to something attaching to the gene and turning the gene on or off |
|
|
Term
| how light and guard cells interact |
|
Definition
| light comes on, sugars produced, osmotic potential (ability to take in water) increases, and cells open as a result of swelling |
|
|
Term
| how long it takes for primary succession to occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long it takes for secondary succession to occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many plant muations are beneficial? |
|
Definition
1 of 1500
the rest are harmful or benign |
|
|
Term
| how mitochondria function as power plants |
|
Definition
| by releasing energy from respiration in cristae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-shepherd's crook
-nodule formation (4x cortical cell)
-bacteroids
-location on roots (near top) |
|
|
Term
| how plant breeding is directed evolution |
|
Definition
| man perceives what's best and develops plant towards that end |
|
|
Term
| how plant tissues are classified |
|
Definition
| by structure and function into anatomical features |
|
|
Term
| how plants get infected with TSWV |
|
Definition
| insects carrying the disease feed on juvenile plants and infect the developing plants |
|
|
Term
| how some species germinate in response to fire |
|
Definition
| there’s a receptor in this seed that the smoke attaches to such that gibberellic acid is activated; there’s a number of species in forested areas that require this |
|
|
Term
| how the atmosphere influenced plants |
|
Definition
| the plants caused the c'tration of CO2 in the atmosphere to drop, which led to lower temperatures and weeding out of the plants that couldn't tolerate lower c'trations of CO2 and lower temperatures |
|
|
Term
| how the dormancy in many of our crops left |
|
Definition
| we’ve bred the ability to make the seed dormant out of many crops |
|
|
Term
| how the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico occurs |
|
Definition
-Algal bloom occurs that exceeds the limits of nutrient deposition; they die when the nutrient stream stops
-Dead stuff decomposes, which uses up oxygen |
|
|
Term
| how the mother plant controls physiological dormancy |
|
Definition
| deposits abscisic acid into the seed |
|
|
Term
| how the seed starts germination process... |
|
Definition
| by developing gibberillic acid |
|
|
Term
| how to battle RoundUp resistant weeds |
|
Definition
1: Alternate tillage systems (practical or logical?
2: Rotate crops (Pigweed is easy and cheap to control in grass crops)
3: Alternate transgenic crops (Liberty Link)
4: Add other herbicides to weed control formula (defeats purpose of transgenics)
5: Add additional herbicide resistance to the crop |
|
|
Term
| how to break physical dormancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to calculate pure live seed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to calculate the amount of seeds you need to plant per acre |
|
Definition
| (recommended plant population per acre)/(%live seed)=seeds/A needed |
|
|
Term
| how to maximize the productivity of a crop species |
|
Definition
| you maximize the productivity of a crop species by planting one crop |
|
|
Term
| how vascular bundles are distributed in corn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypocotyl does not extend and cotyledons remain below soil surface; the advantage is temperature and ability to regrow |
|
|
Term
| hypogeal germination is controlled by... |
|
Definition
| extension of the hypocotyl |
|
|
Term
| if this doesn't decompose, you don't get germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male and female portions of plant on separate flowers |
|
|
Term
| in a germinating plant, p'synth is dependent upon... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the hypoxic zone, this depletes the water of its supply of fish |
|
Definition
| The decaying process, which requires high amounts of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| in vascular system (stem) of plant, which is on the inside and which is on the outside? |
|
Definition
| xylem on inside and phloem on outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lacks one of these: sepals, petals, stamens, or pistils
may lack "showy" parts or male/female parts |
|
|
Term
| increasing germination results from increasing... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inner parts of the seed coat |
|
Definition
-osteosclereids
-nutrient layer
-aleurone cells |
|
|
Term
| is the cotyledon part of the embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| leaves of tomato infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| legumes can fix N when in association with... |
|
Definition
| bacteria called Rhizobium |
|
|
Term
| lemma and palea in monocot flowers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| light that encourages germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| light that gets to seed depends on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planting in small valleys where water is channeled to improve germination, usually used where rainfall may be limiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeds are planted in the furrows of the tilled soil ranged across a slope; this type of planting the used when the crop needs more water |
|
|
Term
| look at this instead of the harvest date |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| many temperate species need winter to obtain this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tuber is Latin for "lump" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipid (fat) layers which compartmentalize cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actively dividing, undifferentiated cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pectin which cements cells together
-easily rotted when wounds occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| modern version of the diagram for the cell membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tillage implement cuts roots of weeds, but does little or no disturbance to the residue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tillage implement cuts roots of weeds but does little or no disturbance to the residue
-residue on soil surface |
|
|
Term
| no till places seed into the soil without ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soil disturbed only at the spot where the seed is placed into the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection process in roots |
|
|
Term
| nucleus of cell contains... |
|
Definition
| chromosomes, the genetic makeup of the cell |
|
|
Term
| number of stomata differ depending upon... |
|
Definition
| leaf surface and crop species |
|
|
Term
| number of stomata on surface of corn and sorghum |
|
Definition
| upper: 5200/cm2
lower: 6800/cm2
more on lower than upper |
|
|
Term
| number of stomata on surface of soybean and alfalfa |
|
Definition
| upper: 17,000/cm2
lower: 14,000/cm2
more on upper than lower |
|
|
Term
| oil content of canola (mustard) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oil content of flax (linseed oil) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grown specifically for oil |
|
|
Term
| one difference between natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems |
|
Definition
-natural ecosystems are complex; species diverse
-agro-ecosystems are simple; usually 1 or 2 species |
|
|
Term
| one of the problems with international crop trade nowadays |
|
Definition
| nowadays, we’re bringing some things in the soil that could destroy our soil |
|
|
Term
| one thing that manifests itself in tall fescue with endophyte |
|
Definition
| tall fescue with endophyte is bigger than tall fescue without endophyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outer parts of the seed coat |
|
Definition
-cuticle
-suberin
-palisade layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fleshy, modified leaf which houses ovules
as with animals, ovules develop into next generation of seeds after fertilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-unspecialized
-most of plant parts
-primary cell walls – cells are “living” (cytoplasm)
+leaf – photosynthesis
+stem/root – energy storage |
|
|
Term
| parenchyma cell in phloem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the plant that remains below the surface after germination |
|
Definition
| growing points and food reserves |
|
|
Term
| part of the seed abscisic acid is pumped into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parts of forage grasses that don't get digested |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parts of the plant that are above the ground during epigeal germination |
|
Definition
| growing point and cotyledons |
|
|
Term
| parts of the plant that are largely made up of parenchyma |
|
Definition
-flesh in tubers
-roots
-fruit leaves |
|
|
Term
| peanut planting date that has lowest risk score for TSWV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| zig-zag chain of glacturonic acid (6C) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support structure for flower; analogous to petiole for leaf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants that continue to grow indefinitely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains both male and female parts even if lacking corolla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -showy, fleshy structures to attract birds, bees, and such for pollination |
|
|
Term
| photosynthesis stopsbefore you see... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seed coat is impenetrable to air and water |
|
|
Term
| physical dormancy is imposed by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| physiological dormancy in the form of an immature embryo |
|
Definition
| additional "afterripening" is essential before seed can germinate |
|
|
Term
| physiological dormancy in the form of being fire adapted |
|
Definition
| requires smoke to initiate germinating |
|
|
Term
| physiological dormancy in the form of cold stratification |
|
Definition
-seeds must be stored under cool conditions to induce a germination promoter
-common in temperate species |
|
|
Term
| physiological dormancy in the form of light requirement |
|
Definition
| small seeds need to be exposed to short wavelength light to germinate; therefore, if planted too deep, they will remain dormant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| female reproductive structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| man’s effort to direct the evolutionary process |
|
|
Term
| plant population of peanut that has lowest risk score for TSWV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| planter used for large seeded crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| planter used for medium seeded crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| planter used for small seeded crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| planting should be based on... |
|
Definition
| pure live seed and germination |
|
|
Term
| plants that don't do epigeal germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that have hypogeal germination |
|
Definition
| all grasses and some dicots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. used when breaking new ground 2. incorporate residue by inverting soil 3. leaves a rough surface 4. slices 3-12" deep |
|
|
Term
| plow does this to the soil below |
|
Definition
| compacts it; even a disk plow does this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the embryonic bud or apical meristem. If damaged, all growth stops. |
|
|
Term
| pollen is housed within the ______, but is discharged when it becomes mature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a unit planter that plants large seeds such as soybeans, cotton, corn, and peanuts |
|
|
Term
| precision planters can plant in what? |
|
Definition
| various ground configurations |
|
|
Term
| preferred seed depth for fine seeded crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preferred seed depth for large seeded plants like corn and soybean |
|
Definition
| 2-3" because they can tolerate and prefer deeper seed placement |
|
|
Term
| preferred seed depth for smaller seeds (grains) |
|
Definition
| shallower depth, such as 1.5-2" |
|
|
Term
| primary functions of plant parts |
|
Definition
-storage in roots
-p'synth in leaves, stems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buries plant debris by inverting top soils; this catalyzes the decomposition of organic matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugars, which increase in guard cell in light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this means early generator |
|
|
Term
| puncture past this layer causes sharp increase in germination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greater germination with deeper puncture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-guarantee germination in space
-guarantee germination in time |
|
|
Term
| purpose of seed certification |
|
Definition
| to make available public sources of high quality, genetically pure seed of superior varieties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to leaf petiole; avenue for vascular system to reach flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immature root; if damaged, no roots develop because this is the meristem for the root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basically some kind of root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of flower from which all flower parts develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| underground lateral stem from which new shoots develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planting on top of small hills to prevent waterlogging of seed or seedling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sees are planted on the tops of the arch or ridge of the tilled soil |
|
|
Term
| root hairs develop from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| row pattern for peanuts that has lowest risk score for TSWV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scraping the seed surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Lignified secondary cell walls
-“non-living”
-network of interlaced sheets of tissues
-vascular system, protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundles of schlerenchyma which provide support or protection, such as nut shells |
|
|
Term
| sclerenchema cells make this tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May follow primary tillage, or use in place of where land is already smooth |
|
|
Term
| seed legumes (pulse crops) |
|
Definition
| grown for edible seeds and/or oil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seed size vs. planting depth |
|
Definition
| the bigger the seed, the deeper you gotta plant it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant according to a rate based upon pure live seed and germination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-plants in arrested stage of development
-must be under appropriate conditions to germinate |
|
|
Term
| seeds that use cold stratification form of dormancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| selectively breeding plants led to... |
|
Definition
-uniform maturity
-uniform height
-semi-dwarf and dwarf plants
-yield |
|
|
Term
| sieve tube element and companion cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-plumpness
-insect free; no insect damage
-disease free
-no mechanical injury (that is, no split seeds)
-uniformity in size, shape, color, etc. |
|
|
Term
| some Agronomic Classifications of Plants |
|
Definition
-cereals
-forages
-seed legumes
-fiber crops
-feed crops
-oil crops
-turf crops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-corn
-soybeans
-wheat
-beans
-peanuts
-tobacco |
|
|
Term
| some causes of physical dormancy |
|
Definition
-hard seed coat
-waxy seed coat |
|
|
Term
| some characteristics about the perpetual primary successionary stage of agroecosystems |
|
Definition
1: nutrients - high
2: available water - high
3: little or no competition to invaders |
|
|
Term
| some chemicals found in chloroplast |
|
Definition
-chlorophyll A
-chlorophyll b
-carotene
-xanthophyll |
|
|
Term
| some climactic adaptations crops can have in temperate regions |
|
Definition
-grow where considerable freezing occurs
-extremely diverse
-Arctic to N. Florida |
|
|
Term
| some climactic adaptations crops can have in tropical regions |
|
Definition
-grow in warm climates
-usually perennial
-shed leaves once a year in response to change of season, but usually considered evergreen |
|
|
Term
| some climactic growth classifications of plants |
|
Definition
-tropical
-temperate
-hardiness |
|
|
Term
| some criteria for measuring seed quality |
|
Definition
-purity (% of the crop you want)
-viability (% of seed which is alive)
-germination (% of seed which germinates) |
|
|
Term
| some crops that are biennials |
|
Definition
-beets
-carrots
-onions
-cabbage
-fruit and nut trees
-alfalfa
-rhubarb
-cotton (tropics)
-tomato (tropics)
-most grass pastures |
|
|
Term
| some crops that tend to be in secondary succession |
|
Definition
-alfalfa
-pastures
-fruit & nut trees |
|
|
Term
| some crops with large seeds |
|
Definition
-Corn
-peanuts
-cotton
-soybean |
|
|
Term
| some crops with medium seeds |
|
Definition
Small grains, such as...
-wheat
-barley
-oats |
|
|
Term
| some crops with small seeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some descriptive classifications of crops |
|
Definition
-growth habit
-climactic adaptation
-agrinomic classification |
|
|
Term
| some details about Golgi bodies |
|
Definition
-come from ER
-contain building blocks of cell walls
-deliver building blocks to cytoplasmic membrane; CM transfers to outside of cell. Proteins in CM assemble cell wall |
|
|
Term
| some details about cinnamic acid alcohols (CA) in lignin |
|
Definition
-toxic to microbes in pure form
-associated with diseases resistance, insect resistance, forage quality |
|
|
Term
| some details about collenchyma |
|
Definition
-elongated cells with unevenly thickened primary cell walls
-usually strands of continuous cylinders
-function of mechanical support during early growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-same genus and species as marijuana, but doesn’t have the same THC content as the drug marijuana
-the fiber of hemp is so rough that you have to wear gloves when handling it |
|
|
Term
| some details about parenchyma |
|
Definition
-unspecialized tissue
-makes up large portion of many plant parts, such as flesh in roots, tubers, root leaves
-thin walled cells
-carry out primary functions of plant parts |
|
|
Term
| some details about phloem |
|
Definition
| responsible for transporting manufactured food from p'synth in leaf to other parts of the plant |
|
|
Term
| some details about ribosomes |
|
Definition
-made of RNA
-synthesize proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-miniature plants (embryo)
-built in food supply in endosperm (monocots) or cotyledons (dicots) |
|
|
Term
| some details about sieve tubes |
|
Definition
-walls cellulose only
-no nucleus (dead) |
|
|
Term
| some details about the chloroplast |
|
Definition
-food manufacturing center
-contains chlorophyll which captures sunlight |
|
|
Term
| some details about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
1: mechanism for carrying RNA to sites where proteins (enzymes) are synthesized
2: similar to telephone lines in a computer network
3: made up of membrane materials (fats and lipids) |
|
|
Term
| some details about the nucleus |
|
Definition
1: chromosomes contain DNA similar to mainframe computer in a computer network genetic memory (controls function)
2: controls protein synthesis by generating RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-primary water conducting tissue
-non-living
-made of tracheids, vessels, and ray cells |
|
|
Term
| some details of the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
-cell matrix which houses the physiological and biochemical activities of the cell
-some functions carried out within cytoplasm
-others in organelles within cytoplasm
-primarily water (90%)- remainder minerals, proteins, fats, CHO |
|
|
Term
| some entities that certify seeds |
|
Definition
-Georgia Crop Improvement Association
-Georgia Seed Development Commission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rice
-corn
-sorghum
-wheat
-barley
-oats
-rye |
|
|
Term
| some examples of climax community species |
|
Definition
| mature oak and hickory forests |
|
|
Term
| some examples of growth regulators regarding dormancy |
|
Definition
-inhibitors found in seed coat or endosperm
-tanin in lespedeza
-unsaturated lactones in tomato |
|
|
Term
| some examples of intermediate species |
|
Definition
-grasses
-shrups
-pines
-young oaks
-hickory |
|
|
Term
| some examples of oil crops |
|
Definition
-Canola
-sesame
-sunflower
-flax |
|
|
Term
| some examples of pioneer species |
|
Definition
-annual plants (1-2 years)
-grasses and perennials (3-4 years) |
|
|
Term
| some examples of turf crops |
|
Definition
-Bermudagrass
-St. Augustine
-Zoysia
-Centipede
-Seashore Paspalum
-Bentgrass |
|
|
Term
| some fact about soil tillage |
|
Definition
-Controls weeds
-Easier to observe crop |
|
|
Term
| some factors affecting purity |
|
Definition
-weed seed
-other crops
-inert matter |
|
|
Term
| some factors in primary tillage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-complete flower
-incomplete flower
-perfect flower
-imperfect flower |
|
|
Term
| some forages in the Gramineae family |
|
Definition
-Bahia grass
-bermudagrass
-tall fescue
-orchardgrass
-pearl millet
-annual ryegrass
-cereal rye
-wheat |
|
|
Term
| some forages in the Legumineae family |
|
Definition
-White clover
-crimson clover
-arrowleaf clover
-alfalfa |
|
|
Term
| some ground configurations percision planters can plant in |
|
Definition
-flat land
-lister
-ridge planting |
|
|
Term
| some growth habits crops can have |
|
Definition
-annuals
-biennials
-perennials |
|
|
Term
| some info about seed germination |
|
Definition
-Utilizes stored seed reserves to establish an independent plant
-Considered complete only after there's sufficient roots to anchor plant and sufficient leaf area to provide food
-Therefore, leaf area development is of paramount importance |
|
|
Term
| some inputs used to optimize the ecosystem to maximize productivity |
|
Definition
1: tillage
2: planting
3: herbicides
4: pesticides
5: harvesting equipment
6: storage equipment |
|
|
Term
| some instruments used in secondary tillage |
|
Definition
-disk
-harrow
-chisel
-sweeps
-disk harrow
-spring loaded harrow w/ lever
-cultipacker |
|
|
Term
| some major areas with chronic soil compaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some members of the Leguminae family that are in the forages category |
|
Definition
-white clover
-crimson clover
-arrowleaf clover
-alfalfa |
|
|
Term
| some myth about soil tillage |
|
Definition
-Loosens the soil for root growth
-Crop residue is bad for crops |
|
|
Term
| some non-living parts of plant cells |
|
Definition
-primary cell wall
-middle lamella
-lignin |
|
|
Term
| some objectives of seedbed preparation |
|
Definition
1: provide good seed/soil contact
2: place seed at appropriate depth
3: maintain physical condition of soil
4: weed control |
|
|
Term
| some parts of dicot flowers |
|
Definition
-petals
-corolla
-pistil
-stamens |
|
|
Term
| some parts of monocot flowers |
|
Definition
-lemma and palea (analogous to petals)
-pistil
-stamen
-awn
-rachilla |
|
|
Term
| some parts of the seed coat |
|
Definition
-testa
-endosperm
-waxy cuticle
-sub-cuticle (suberin)
-macrosclereids
-osteosclereids
-nutrient layer
-aleurone cells |
|
|
Term
| some plants in which brace roots are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some plants in which bulbs are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some plants in which corms are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some plants in which rhizomes are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some plants in which spines are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some plants in which stolons are common |
|
Definition
-bermudagrass
-white clover |
|
|
Term
| some plants in which tap roots are common |
|
Definition
-sugar beet
-carrot
-alfalfa |
|
|
Term
| some plants in which tubers are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some precautionary measures to take when applying fungicides |
|
Definition
-read label
-wear protective clothing
-treat only what you will need |
|
|
Term
| some reasons flowers and seeds are important |
|
Definition
-Flowers sensitive to stresses
-Harvested unit comes from flowers (most) -Seeds used for crop establishment
-WEEDS!!!!! |
|
|
Term
| some simple tissues in plants |
|
Definition
-parenchyma
-collenchyma
-schlerenchyma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some things about the physical condition of soil |
|
Definition
-aggregation
-aeration
-water infiltration |
|
|
Term
| some things breeders might breed plants for |
|
Definition
-to meet specific market requirements
-to grow under specific environmental conditions
-bred for insect or disease resistance or yield |
|
|
Term
| some things endophyte in fescue can cause in livestock |
|
Definition
-bad presentation when giving birth
-being unable to dissipate heat |
|
|
Term
| some things found in chloroplasts |
|
Definition
-granum
-stroma
-outer membrane
-thylakoid |
|
|
Term
| some things found in leaves |
|
Definition
-stomata
-guard cells
-upper epidermis
-lower epidermis
-mesophyll
-palisade
-spongy
-bundle
-bundle sheath
-vein
-gaseous chambers |
|
|
Term
| some things label laws require to be on the label |
|
Definition
-Variety
-% Germination
-% Purity
-Test date (replaces harvest date); gotta look at test date instead of harvest date
-% Weed seed
-% Noxious Weed Seed
-Origin
-% Inert Matter |
|
|
Term
| some things that cause variation within a plant species |
|
Definition
-mutation
-outcrossing within a species
-outcrossing between species |
|
|
Term
| some things to think about when preparing a soil |
|
Definition
1: reduce weed problems; make the fields weed free
2: adequate moisture
3: appropriate placement of the seed down into the soil
4: appropriate population densities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corn, which is a type of warm season grass, cotton, and such |
|
|
Term
| some types of complex tissues in plants |
|
Definition
-vascular system (xylem and phloem)
-pith
-cortex
-parenchyma (storage in stem, some photosynthesis) |
|
|
Term
| some types of conservation tillage |
|
Definition
-no tillage
-mulch tillage
-strip tillage |
|
|
Term
| some types of conventional tillage |
|
Definition
-clean tillage
-primary secondary
-secondary tillage |
|
|
Term
| some types of gravity fed seeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some types of inert matter that affect purity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some types of modified stems that occur above ground |
|
Definition
-stolons
-spines
-spurs
-thorns |
|
|
Term
| some types of modified stems that occur below ground |
|
Definition
-bulbs
-corm
-rhizome
-tubers |
|
|
Term
| some types of roots that can occur in dicots |
|
Definition
| -tap root -adventitious root system -fleshy root -brace root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gravity fed
-percision planter |
|
|
Term
| some types of terrain modification |
|
Definition
-Leveling (pits from stumps, ruts from equipment)
-Terracing (erosion control)
-Drainage tiles (?) – watch out for potential litigation |
|
|
Term
| some types of tissue in plants |
|
Definition
-meristematic
-simple tissues
-complex tissues |
|
|
Term
| some types of tissue in plants |
|
Definition
-vascular (stem)
-cortex
-epidermis
-roots
-leaves
-flowers
-seeds |
|
|
Term
| some uses for safflower oil |
|
Definition
-deisel replacement
-cooking oil |
|
|
Term
| some uses for soybean oil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something about land races of corn |
|
Definition
| Land races of corn were extremely tall and (generally) had small ears |
|
|
Term
| something about primary succession |
|
Definition
| -nutrients in soil high
-H2O 8
what's the 8 supposed to mean? |
|
|
Term
| something about secondary succession |
|
Definition
| nutrients tied up in primary invaders |
|
|
Term
| something about tertiary succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something in soil that can result from continuous plowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something that weeds have that many of our crop plants don't |
|
Definition
| Weeds have some important survival traits that were bred out of crops. |
|
|
Term
| something tillage reduces in the soil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something to consider in primary tillage |
|
Definition
| soil type and time to plow |
|
|
Term
| something unique about the growing point in peanuts |
|
Definition
| Peanuts have their growing point right at the soil surface |
|
|
Term
| something unique about tree cotton |
|
Definition
| it grows like a tree and it’s perinnial |
|
|
Term
| something we disabled in most row crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| soon after this, all the cells in the embryo develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| species found in primary succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| species found in secondary succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| species found in tertiary succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| species persistence is a result of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very fine seedbed; usually for small seeded crops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woody plant stems which have restricted lateral growth, such as thorns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some examples of fiber crops |
|
Definition
-cotton
-hemp
-kafir
-flax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fruit trees; lateral growth of shortened internodes; this is where buds develop for flowers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| top of pistil; this can have honeydew on it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stems which grow horizontally above the ground from which new tillers arise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized structure to permit gas exchange in leaf for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The opening beyond the guard cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disturbs a narrow band of soil where seed will be placed; crop is planted within the tilled area |
|
|
Term
| structure of the vascular system (stem) in plants |
|
Definition
-continuous system where xylem and phloem are associated, but generally xylem on inside and phloem on outside
-surrounding tissue is pith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks up hardpan below soil surface; steel shanks penetrate the soil 36-40" |
|
|
Term
| subsoiling good or bad for plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| superior varieties developed by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fungicide that gets taken up by the root system so the fungicide gets into the plant and helps the plant resist fungi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| main root of plant with few secondary roots |
|
|
Term
| temperature factors that lots of the crops that are planted in the spring of the year need for germination |
|
Definition
| daily variation to get the appropriate signals to germinate |
|
|
Term
| temperature factors that many plants that germinate in fall need for stratification |
|
Definition
| warm stratification, so it needs summer |
|
|
Term
| temperature factors that many plants that germinate in spring need for germination |
|
Definition
| cold stratification, so they need a winter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| require special protection at that specific environment |
|
|
Term
| the 2 families of forages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of chloroplasts per cell depends on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the behavior of the proteins depends on... |
|
Definition
| the chemistry of the proteins |
|
|
Term
| the benefit of having a perennial |
|
Definition
| not having to reestablish it year after year |
|
|
Term
| the characteristics we bred upland cotton to have |
|
Definition
-shorter in stature
-bigger bolls |
|
|
Term
| the composition of the primary cell wall |
|
Definition
-pectin
-cellulose
-hemicellulose
-protein |
|
|
Term
| the concern caused by plant breeding |
|
Definition
| the concern about wild forms for future use |
|
|
Term
| the cotton we grow in Georgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cycle of ecological succession |
|
Definition
1: disruption
2: primary
3: late primary/ early secondary
4: secondary
5: early tertiary
6: tertiary (mature)
7: back to 1 |
|
|
Term
| the desired configuration for bed planting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the desired configuration for furrow planting |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the slope |
|
|
Term
| the different types of row-crop planting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the epidermis develops from this meristematic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the family all cereals belong to this family |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first cells to become p’synthetically active in the day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first cells to close before anything else in the leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of mitochondria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of proteins in the membrane |
|
Definition
| to help import/export substances across the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they catalyze specific rxns in the cell |
|
|
Term
| the genetic coding and the turning on of genes both occur in the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hypoxic zone happens as a result of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the interface between the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meristematic ground meristem develops into this mature tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meristematic procambium develops into this mature tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meristematic protoderm develops into this mature tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most common fungicide |
|
Definition
CAPTAN
-dust
-liquid
-slurry |
|
|
Term
| the most important aspect of getting a good crop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the parenchyma develops from this meristematic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the part of forage grasses from which animals get all the goody and why that is |
|
Definition
| mesophyll because it is easily digested |
|
|
Term
| the phloem develops from this meristematic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the physiological dormancy of a seed is controlled by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pink on the inside of the nodules is an indicator of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the problem with plant breeding |
|
Definition
What are we discarding? Are we decreasing genetic diversity?
+problem is we’re throwing away some things we can’t see that could be beneficial |
|
|
Term
| the progenitor/ancestor of the modern corn plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the seeds a cocklebur contains |
|
Definition
| 2 different seeds, one green and immature and one brown and mature |
|
|
Term
| the soil particles that require the most energy to move |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the stage of development agroecosystems tend to stay in and why |
|
Definition
| perpetual primary successionary stage of development due to crops being harvested each year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flax has a real fine fiber |
|
|
Term
| the thing about how we treat cotton and its actual life cycle |
|
Definition
| we treat cotton as an annual, but it’s actually a perineal |
|
|
Term
| the tillage practice that returns the most organic matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tissue that surrounds the vascular tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the types of successions that occur in ecosystems |
|
Definition
-primary
-secondary
-tertiary |
|
|
Term
| the use of cereals as feed crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the use of soybeans as feed crops |
|
Definition
| the soybean meal is used for protein |
|
|
Term
| the vascular system (stem) of a plant consists of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the xylem develops from this meristematic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these cells are next to loose water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these cells produce gibberillic acid and amylase in monocots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things from inside the cell get exported by... |
|
Definition
| the reticulum, something like that |
|
|
Term
| things used to do primary tillage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this causes “hypoxic” or dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico. |
|
Definition
| Excessive erosion and nutrient loading |
|
|
Term
| this controls what happens outside of the nucleus |
|
Definition
| what’s transcribed in the cell nucleus |
|
|
Term
| this forces plants to adapt and make changes |
|
Definition
| changes in the environment |
|
|
Term
| this happens when an ecosystem is destroyed (fire, insect, man, etc.) |
|
Definition
| a series of events called successions |
|
|
Term
| this is produced while respiration occurs in germinating seed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the zone of illuviation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this makes sclerefied tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this makes up the majority of the root surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this might have something to do with the center of production differing from the center of origin |
|
Definition
| absence of natural predators in the center of production |
|
|
Term
| this plant causes physiological dormancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this stops before you see wilting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this tells the seed to turn off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this tells the seed to turn on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this tillage maintains moisture better |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preparation of seedbed, weed control |
|
|
Term
| tillage practice that reduces tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tillage that has lowest risk score for TSWV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| times accross the field vs. times you compact the soil |
|
Definition
| The fewer times you go across the field, the fewer times you compact the soil |
|
|
Term
| today's crops compared to their wild ancestors |
|
Definition
| most of today's crops don't resemble their wild ancestors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glandular epidermal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greatly enlarged, fleshy portions of rhizomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seed/sod used for lawn/athletic surfaces |
|
|
Term
| type of row you have on strip till |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of tillage where you can do the tilling and the planting at the same time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-summer annuals
-winter annuals |
|
|
Term
| types of cells found in the phloem |
|
Definition
-sieve tube element
-companion cell
-fiber
-parenchyma cell
-ray cell |
|
|
Term
| types of cells found in the xylem |
|
Definition
-tracheids
-vessels
-ray cells
-vessel element
-parenchyma cell
-fiber |
|
|
Term
| types of climactic adaptations crops can have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of germination strategies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of implements and attachments used in secondary tillage |
|
Definition
-Disk
-harrow
-chisel
-sweeps |
|
|
Term
| types of precision planters |
|
Definition
-plate type
-belt type
-vacuum planter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-conventional tillage
-conservation tillage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cooking oil
-deisel replacement
-lubricant |
|
|
Term
| uses for flax (linseed oil) oil |
|
Definition
-wood finishing products
-paints |
|
|
Term
| vascular cells are these types of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vascular system in dicots |
|
Definition
-primary vascular system is discontinuous, but secondary vascular system is continuous
-crops generally herbaceous; no secondary vascular system |
|
|
Term
| vascular system in monocots |
|
Definition
| discontinuous and in vascular bundles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tobacco thrips and western flower thrips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| we have lots of dormancy in these crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permits international export that’s supposed to prevent the spread of disease |
|
|
Term
| what Darwin said about who survives |
|
Definition
| "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change."
quote from 1809 |
|
|
Term
| what Darwin started studying after writing The Origin of Species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Darwin talks about in The Origin of Species |
|
Definition
| the ability to withstand pressures |
|
|
Term
| what Pima cotton is used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what a spike toothed harrow is used for |
|
Definition
| to create a very fine seedbed, usually for small seeded crops |
|
|
Term
| what are some solutions to no till planting |
|
Definition
1. alternate tillage systems (deep plowing)
2. rotate crops (such as grass crops that are easy to control)
3. alternate transgenic crops (liberty link)
4. add other herbicides to weed control formula
5. add additional herbicide resistance to the crop |
|
|
Term
| what are the advantages of conservation tillage |
|
Definition
1. improves soils physical/chemical conditions (organic matter)
2. reduced cost in the long run
3. less time- more strategic decision making
4. less erosion
5. increased water infiltration
6. moderates soil temperature
7. reduces fuel cost |
|
|
Term
| what are the disadvantages of conservation tillage |
|
Definition
1. increased dependence on chemicals
2. high initial cost
3. higher incidence of disease/insect pests (so rotate!)
4. higher nutrient leaching
5. harder to uniformly apply fertilizers |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of precision planters |
|
Definition
| plate type, belt type, vacuum planter |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of seeders |
|
Definition
1 gravity feed
2 precision planter
3 grain drill |
|
|
Term
| what biennials do in the 1st year |
|
Definition
| plant accumulates food reserves and stores them in organs |
|
|
Term
| what biennials do in the 2nd year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what broadcast seeders are used for |
|
Definition
| small seeded crops, such as grasses and legumes |
|
|
Term
| what causes hydrolysis of stored foods in a seed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes the activation of enzymes in a seed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what chloroplast and mitochondria have in common |
|
Definition
-both have own DNA and RNA
-originated from bacteria
-divide within a cell independent of cell division
-prokaryotic-- no nucleus, no cell wall |
|
|
Term
| what conservation tillage does to tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cotyledon does in grass other than serve as a food source |
|
Definition
| provides protection against damage when seed germinates and leaves begin to expand |
|
|
Term
| what cultipacking can be used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what disk harrowing does to the soil |
|
Definition
| Mixes it in at the surface |
|
|
Term
| what do genetically modified crops produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what endoplasmic reticulum (ER) does with RNA |
|
Definition
| transports RNA to different sites in the cell |
|
|
Term
| what endosperm is made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what expressing the oil out of soybeans does to the bean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what feed crops are grown for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fine soil particles leads to |
|
Definition
-crusting
-no or poor seed germination |
|
|
Term
| what forages are grown for |
|
Definition
-pasture
-hay
-silage
-pelleting |
|
|
Term
| what grain drill seeders are used for |
|
Definition
-small seeded grains
-grasses |
|
|
Term
| what growth regulators do in seeds |
|
Definition
-usually block enzyme activity
-either removed by microbial decay or leached from seed coat by water |
|
|
Term
| what guard cells do at night |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happened to the dormancy of most row crop seeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when a seed absorbs water? |
|
Definition
| growth regulators become distributed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a disadvantage to no till planting |
|
Definition
| weeds such as round up resistant pigweed |
|
|
Term
| what is done to off types in a seed crop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the advantage to ridge planting |
|
Definition
| water can pool in between the ridges and they can drain the field more easily, but the field will have to be downward sloping |
|
|
Term
| what is the cost to prepare seed bed and plant with conventional tillage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cost to prepare seed bed and plant with no till |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kudzu bugs eat other than kudzu |
|
Definition
| soybeans and other stuff and such |
|
|
Term
| what land preparation does to virgin land |
|
Definition
-Remove vegetation (trees, shrubs, stumps, rocks)
-Terrain modification
-Plow (?) |
|
|
Term
| what leveling and smoothing does |
|
Definition
| breaks up large soil clods into smaller clods |
|
|
Term
| what nectaries in the flower do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| places seed into soil without soil disruption |
|
|
Term
| what oil crops are grown for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what part of the chloroplast is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what part of the chloroplast is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what part of the chloroplast is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what part of the chloroplast is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what perennials do in winter |
|
Definition
| they die back each winter, but regrow from energy stored in roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Selects plants (crops) for environmental niches
-manipulates genetic variability within a species or within related species |
|
|
Term
| what plowing does to the soil |
|
Definition
-incorporates residue by inverting soil
-leaves rough surface |
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Term
| what precision planters are used for |
|
Definition
| large seeded plants, such as soybeans, cotton, corn, and peanuts |
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Term
| what primary tillage results in |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what remains on the soil surface in conservation tillage? |
|
Definition
| residue remains on the soil surface |
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|
Term
| what removing the cotyledons leads to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what scarification does to seed |
|
Definition
| breaks seed coat to permit gas and water exchange with seed |
|
|
Term
| what sclerefied cells do for N fixation |
|
Definition
| Sclerefied cells serve to protect the nodule |
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|
Term
| what sclerenchymous tissue does for N fixation |
|
Definition
| Sclerenchymous tissue provides a barrier for protection of the cells fixing nitrogen. |
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|
Term
| what seed legumes aka pulse crops are grown for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what seed legumes are called on a global basis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
miniature plants, often with leaf structures already in the seeds
food supply included |
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|
Term
| what simple ecosystems do for a species |
|
Definition
| maximize its productivity |
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|
Term
| what some seeds, like weed seeds, do regarding dormancy |
|
Definition
| oscilate between dormant and non-dormant |
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|
Term
| what spreads tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what springtoot harrow and a spike harrow does |
|
Definition
| pulverizes the soil and makes a fine seedbed |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| use steel shanks to break up hard pan below soil surface |
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|
Term
| what the acreage of corn has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the acreage of cotton has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the acreage of hay has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the acreage of peanut has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the acreage of soybean has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the acreage of tobacco has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the acreage of wheat has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the green immature seed in a cocklebur is designed to do |
|
Definition
| wait for the right time to germinate |
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|
Term
| what the hazard communication data on a label tells you |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the per bushel price of corn has done since 2012 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the seedbed provides for the crop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of corn has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of cotton has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of hay has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of peanut has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of soybean has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of tobacco has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the total value of wheat has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of corn has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of cotton has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of hay has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of peanut has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of soybean has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of tobacco has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the value/A of wheat has done from 2000 to 2015 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tillage does to weeds |
|
Definition
| tillage inverts soil so we can bury weed seeds |
|
|
Term
| what tilling does to the porosity of soil |
|
Definition
| decreases the pore space; too much micropores |
|
|
Term
| what type of tillage leaves more organic matter on the surface |
|
Definition
| no till --> it is better for the environment |
|
|
Term
| what upland cotton is used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vascular bundles do for the Rhizobium |
|
Definition
| Vascular bundles carry water and photosynthate to the nodules to supply energy for the Rhizobium. |
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|
Term
| what we do when a function within the community is undesirable |
|
Definition
| we try to eliminate it with management or pesticides |
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|
Term
| what we have to do for peanuts to germinate |
|
Definition
| we have to treat them with something to stimulate germination |
|
|
Term
| what winter annuals require to go from vegetative to reproductive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what you must do to guarantee that legumes form associations with Rhizobium |
|
Definition
| must add Rhizobium to seed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pectin-rich middle lamella |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| cellulose/hemicellulose cell wall |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when crop residue is bad for crops |
|
Definition
| if you don't do crop rotation |
|
|
Term
| when crop residue is good for crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when germination is completed |
|
Definition
| when plant can manufacture enough food for itself |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when plant aborts flowers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when breaking "new ground" |
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|
Term
| when seeds are most susceptible to damage |
|
Definition
| right after they germinate |
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|
Term
| when winter annuals are planted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are smaller seeds planted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where bed planting is useful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where chronic soil compaction mainly occurs |
|
Definition
| areas with lotta macropores |
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|
Term
| where cotton is a perennial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the dissolved food go in a seed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where flat land planting is used |
|
Definition
| used where soil types don't cause erosion |
|
|
Term
| where furrow planting is useful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where lister planting is used |
|
Definition
| usually where rainfall may be limiting |
|
|
Term
| where nectaries are in the flower |
|
Definition
| the bottom of the filament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nectaries in the flower at the bottom of the filament |
|
|
Term
| where soil compaction is a problem and why |
|
Definition
| many sandy soils because fine particles migrate to the substrata of the soil once disturbed |
|
|
Term
| where soil compaction is a problem in Georgia |
|
Definition
| a significant part of the region that is row-cropped |
|
|
Term
| where the gibberillic acid goes in the seed |
|
Definition
| endosperms and cotyledons |
|
|
Term
| where the origin of cotton is and why |
|
Definition
| Africa and S. America because of those 2 continents one time being connected |
|
|
Term
| where the palisade cells are in cool season plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where tomato is a perennial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where you find all necessary information for the seed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which layer of the dicot leaf is number 2?
[image] |
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Definition
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|
Term
which layer of the diicot leaf is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which layer of the diicot leaf is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which layer of the diicot leaf is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which layer of the diicot leaf is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which layer of the diicot leaf is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which layer of the diicot leaf is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot flower is number 9?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 10?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 11?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 12?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 13?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 14?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 15?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot meristem is number 9?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
| macrosclerids (lignified, contain tannins) |
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed coat is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 10?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 11?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 12?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the dicot seed is number 9?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the mature cotton stem is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the mature cotton stem is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the mature cotton stem is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the mature cotton stem is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the mature cotton stem is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the mature cotton stem is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the monocot seed is number 9?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the root meristem is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the root meristem is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the root meristem is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the root meristem is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 10?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the stem with parts is number 9?
[image] |
|
Definition
| terminal bud scale scar ring |
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 10?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 1?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 2?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 3?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 4?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 5?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 6?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 7?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 8?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which part of the young cotton stem is number 9?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tillage has a lower cost to prepare seed bed and plant? conventional or no-till? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tillage is less disruptive to the soil? primary or secondary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why Darwin swore off religion |
|
Definition
| because he thought there were too many close minded people |
|
|
Term
| why cells involved in respiration tend to have lots of mitochondria |
|
Definition
| because there’s demand for energy |
|
|
Term
| why cotton doesn’t act like a perennial in Georgia |
|
Definition
| because the winter will kill it |
|
|
Term
| why cropping systems are unstable and require inputs (energy) to optimize the ecosystem to maximize productivity |
|
Definition
| perpetual primary succession |
|
|
Term
| why different plant species must have different centers of origin |
|
Definition
| because different environmental forces were exerted on different continents and within different continents |
|
|
Term
| why drainage tiles are sometimes used |
|
Definition
| because standing water is bad for crop production because it creates anoxic conditions |
|
|
Term
| why fewer inputs are needed for cropping of crops that don't have to be replanted every year |
|
Definition
| because those crops are in secondary succession |
|
|
Term
| why fields are surveyed during the year |
|
Definition
| to verify genetic purity of seed crop |
|
|
Term
| why forages in the Legumineae family tend to have a high protein content |
|
Definition
| because they fix their own nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| why grass flowers are incomplete |
|
Definition
| no petals, thus no corolla |
|
|
Term
| why guard cells close during drought |
|
Definition
| lack of water, which means decreased transpiration |
|
|
Term
| why label laws require labels to tell you the variety |
|
Definition
| because each variety has different characteristics |
|
|
Term
| why leaf area is of paramount importance for seed germination |
|
Definition
| because germination is considered complete when the plant can manufacture enough food for itself |
|
|
Term
| why plant deeper in dry conditions? |
|
Definition
| because of moisture deeper in the soil |
|
|
Term
| why plants were selected for maturity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why seed size is important |
|
Definition
| guarantees uniform stand under good growing condition |
|
|
Term
| why tall fescue is a better forage grass than bermudagrass when fescue toxicosis isn't a factor |
|
Definition
| because tall fescue has more spaces between the sheaths and therefore more mesophyll |
|
|
Term
| why the signs of seed quality lead to vigorous seedling growth |
|
Definition
| because of max energy availability |
|
|
Term
| why the value of the tobacco crop continues to increase |
|
Definition
| because there’s very high demand for American tobacco |
|
|
Term
| why there's concern about wild forms for future use |
|
Definition
| What are we throwing away when we breed improved crops? Increased land use is reducing genetic diversity. |
|
|
Term
| why twin row planting for peanuts is better for tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) |
|
Definition
| because for some reason, thrips don’t like twin rows |
|
|
Term
| why uniformity in height is desireable for crops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why upland cotton is defoliated before harvest |
|
Definition
| because green leaves stain cotton |
|
|
Term
| why was a risk index developed |
|
Definition
| to determine the probability of this disease based upon practices used at planting |
|
|
Term
| why water and phospholipids interact the way they do |
|
Definition
| polar part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic and nonpolar part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic; this is why there's a non-polar segment in the middle of the membrane |
|
|
Term
| why we don't use sunflower as much anymore |
|
Definition
| because the birds really love sunflower |
|
|
Term
| why weed resistance is building up |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why you can expect litigation if you use drainage tiles |
|
Definition
| because putting drainage tiles in is basically busting a swamp |
|
|
Term
| why you gotta be careful with cheap seed |
|
Definition
| because cheap seed is usually bad quality seed, such as impurity of seed |
|
|
Term
| why you must treat seeds with fungicides |
|
Definition
| to keep fungi from consuming stored energy in seed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants that like dry conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| survives desert conditions |
|
|
Term
| xylem development in herbaceous plants |
|
Definition
| primary xylem is formed by differentiation of root and shoot apical meristems |
|
|
Term
| xylem development in perennial woody plants |
|
Definition
| secondary xylem develops from cambium |
|
|
Term
| you want your risk score to be high or low? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaves of tomato infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sieve tube element and companion cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grain drill used in conventional tillage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| close up of a dicot meristem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parenchyma cell in phloem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
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| grain drill used in no till |
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| cross section of a monocot leaf |
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| the layers of a dicot seed coat |
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