Term
| What are the 3 main types of valve and give an example of each. |
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Definition
1. Free floating (yolk valves)
2. Ball+spring (O2 flush)
3. Diaphragm (1st and 2nd stage regulator) |
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Term
| What are the pressures of the anesthesia machine? |
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Definition
High = >55 PSI
Intermediate = 45-55 PSI
Low = 16 PSI |
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Term
| What components are part of the high pressure system? |
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Definition
| Anything with the cylinders (yolk, yolk valves, Bourdon gauges) |
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Term
| What components are part of the intermediate pressure system? |
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Definition
| 1st stage regulator, O2 flush valve, O2 failsafe valve, DISS, pipeline pressure gauges) |
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Term
| What components are part of the low pressure system? |
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Definition
| 2nd stage regulator, flow tubes, vaporizers, common gas outlet, CO2 absorber, inspiratory valve, circuit) |
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Term
| What is the main function of each of the 3 main valve types? |
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Definition
1. Free floating prevent gas escape
2. Ball + spring ensure correct connection
3. Diaphragm reduce pressures |
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Term
| Describe the pipeline inlet check valve |
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Definition
| A free-floating valve that is pushed into the machine by gas from the hoses; if an e-cylinder is connected and open, the greater pressure from the E-cylinder will push the valve outward and close off the hoses to the machine. Its purpose it to prevent gas leakage. |
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Term
| Describe the O2 flush valve |
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Definition
| Its a ball+spring valve that allows intermediate pressure O2 to be delivered directly to the patient at a rate of 35-75 L/min |
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Term
| Describe the O2 pressure regulator valves |
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Definition
| These are diaphragm valves that reduce high pressure to intermediate (1st stage) and then intermediate to low (2nd stage) |
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Term
| Describe the O2 pressure sensor shut-off valve (O2 failsafe) |
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Definition
| This is closest to a ball+spring valve. If there is not at least 25 PSI of O2 pushing on the valve, the valve will close and prevent the flow of N2O to the patient |
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Term
| Describe the path of an O2 molecule from the E-cylinder all the way to the patient |
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Definition
Ecylinder-->open cylinder valve-->yolk-->yolk check valve (opens the valve to this tank and simultaneously closes any other tanks)-->1st stage regulator (now intermediate pressure)
From 1st stage, it splits to 4 places: O2 failsafe, O2 flush, DISS valve (closes the valve and prevents escape via the hoses, and 2nd stage regulator
From the 2nd stage (now low pressure)-->flow tubes-->vaporizers-->fresh gas outlet-->CO2 absorber-->insp. valve-->circuit-->patient |
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Term
| What agency is responsible for the design and construction of compressed gas cylinders? |
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Definition
| The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) |
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Term
| What agency is responsible for the handling and transport of gas cylinders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Woods metal made of? Purpose? Melting point? |
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Definition
| Its a safety plug made of tin, lead, bismuth, and cadmium. Its designed to melt at 200F and allow cylinder contents to escape so as to prevent build-up of excessive pressure |
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Term
| Describe an Open breathing system |
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Definition
| No rebreathing, no valves or bag, anesthetic to patient via insufflation |
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Term
| Describe a semi-open system |
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Definition
| High gas flows, reservoir bag, unidirectional valve |
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Term
| Desribe a semi-closed system |
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Definition
| most common, CO2 absorber, 2 valves, APL valve.....includes Maplesons |
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Term
| Describe closed breathing systems |
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Definition
| very low flows, less pollution, CO2 absorber (flows from 150-500 mL/min) |
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Term
| What Mapleson's are best for spontaneous ventilation? |
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Definition
A-->D-->C-->B
(All Dogs Can Bite) |
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Term
| What Mapleson's are best for controlled breathing? |
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Definition
D-->B-->C-->A
(dead bodies can't argue) |
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Term
| Bain circuits are a modification of what type of Mapleson? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the correct inflation pressure for the Fasttrach LMA cuff? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two wavelengths does the pulse ox transmit, and what absorbs each one? |
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Definition
Red light @ 660 nM--absorbed by Deoxy
Infrared @ 940nM--absorbed by Oxy |
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Term
| What law is the pulse ox based on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Desribe proper BIS strip placement for adults and peds |
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Definition
| Adult electrodes 1-3 are placed with 1 at midline of forehead, with 2+4 angling inferiorly and 3 even with the lateral canthus of the eye. Peds go straight across the forehead. |
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Term
| What does the CVP A,C, and V wave represent? |
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Definition
A--atrial contraction
C--tricuspid elevation due to systole
V--atrial venous filling |
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Term
| What will controlled ventilation/PEEP do to a CVP trace? |
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Definition
| It will read falsely high |
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Term
| What is the length of PA catheters? (Range) |
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Definition
| From 60cm (kids) to 110cm (adult) |
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Term
| How much further past the RA must the PAC go to get to the RV? PA? |
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Definition
| An extra 10cm to the RV and 15 (25 total) to the PA |
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Term
| How far is it to the RA from the LIJ, RIJ, Subclavian, and Femoral? |
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Definition
Subclavian--15cm
RIJ--20cm
LIJ--25cm
Fem--50cm |
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Term
| What are the normal CVP, RV, and PA pressures? |
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Definition
CVP 0-8
RV 15-25/0-8
PA 15-25/8-15 |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the arterial waveform? |
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Definition
| The anacrotic (upstroke) and dicrotic (downstroke) limbs |
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Term
| What does the upstroke on an art trace represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| A steep upslope on an Aline trace represents what? Shallow? |
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Definition
Steep = low SVR/high contractility
Shallow = high SVR/low contractility |
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Term
| Give an example of a free-floating valve |
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Definition
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Term
| Which valve has a special "diaphragm" that identifies its function? |
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Definition
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Term
| When adjusting the scavenging system knob, what is being regulated? |
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Definition
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