Term
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Definition
- Knowledge of the development of poling contributes to our understanding of contemporary practices and problems.
-Police organization, reforms, and police-community relations today are deeply rooted in the past. |
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Term
| The study of police history |
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Definition
1) dramatize the fact of change
2) put current problems into perspective
3) help us understand what reforms have worked
4) alerts us to the unintended consequences of reforms |
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Term
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Definition
| enforced laws and carried out legal duties |
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Term
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Definition
| most important; law enforcement, collected taxes, supervised elections, maintained bridges & roads, and other misc. duties |
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Term
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Definition
| patrolled & guarded against fires, crimes, and disorder |
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Term
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Definition
Father of Policing
"Bobbies" |
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Term
| London Metropolitan Police (1829) |
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Definition
- Mission: crime prevention
- Strategy: preventative patrol
- Org. Structure: borrowed from military > heirarchy, uniforms, rank, & authoritarian system |
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Term
| First Modern American Police |
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Definition
- NY (1844)
- no uniforms, but hat and badge
-no firearm
-hired based on who they knew
- VERY corrupt |
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Term
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Definition
Political (1830's - 1900)
Professional (1900 - 1960's)
Conflicting pressures (19060's - present) |
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Term
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Definition
-Foot patrol
- no communication system
-weak supervision
-major social welfare institution
*corruption |
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Term
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Definition
-Father of policing
-advocated higher education for policing
-chief of Berkeley, CA
-wrote Wickersham Commission Report (1931) |
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Term
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Definition
-reforms to define policing as profession
-sought to eliminate politics in policing
-argued for hiring qualified police chiefs
- raised standards for patrol officers
-applied modern management principles
-created specialized units |
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Term
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Definition
-State police
-FBI
- New technology
-Supreme Court decisions
-police subculture
-Race/ethnic conflicts
-crisis of 1960's
-Research Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
-patrol car shortly before WWI
- 2-way radio, late 1930's
- telephone |
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Term
Basic Features of
American Law Enforcement |
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Definition
-traditions inherited from England
-primary responsibility on local gov.
- high fragmented, decentralized system for regulating diff. agencies |
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Term
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Definition
-provides consumer prospective on policing
-average citizen receive police services from several diff agencies |
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Term
| International Prospective |
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Definition
-other countries have less fragmented systems
-England only has 43 law enforcement agencies, Japan has 47 |
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Term
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Definition
-lack of coordination between agencies
-crime displacement
-duplication of services
-inconsistant standards
-alternative consolidation & contracting
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Term
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Definition
| represent 71% of all law enforcement agencies, handle serious crime, and provide emergency services |
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Term
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Definition
| Municipal police that operate on a county wide basis, constitute 1% |
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Term
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Definition
| responsibilities defined in state constitution, elected position, serve all three components of criminal justice system: law enforcement, courts, and corrections |
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Term
| Department of Homeland Security |
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Definition
-Customs and border protection
- immigration and customs enforcement
-fed. Emergency Management agency
-Transportation security admin
-US coast guard
- US Secret Service |
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Term
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Definition
- DEA
- FBI
-ATF
- US Marshals |
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Term
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Definition
- officers wear uniforms
- military style ranking
- hierarchical command struture
- authoritarian organizational style
- legal authority to use deadly force and carry weapon |
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Term
| Criticisms to quasi-military structure |
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Definition
- "us versus them"
- "war on crime"
- authoritarian style contrary to democratic principles and produces low morale
-rigid structure leaves room for job dissatisfaction |
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