Shared Flashcard Set

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CRM 350 Final
Chapters 8-15
51
Criminology
Undergraduate 4
11/30/2011

Additional Criminology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

police role

 

(order management)

Definition
police intervention in incidents that do not involve actual criminal activity but often entail "interpersonal conflict" or "public nuisance"
Term
public expectations
Definition

-maintain a social boundary

-relieve unpleasant situations

-counterpunching

-obtain an emergency service

Term
police response
Definition
informal handling with no official action
Term
trafic enforcement
Definition

most common type of order maintanence

-police depts and citizens influence traffic enforcement policies

-source of friction between police and citizens

- crackdowns (drunk driving)

Term
domestic disturbance
Definition
a dispute requiring a police response that involves 2+ people engaged in an intimate relationship
Term
domestic violence
Definition

disturbance between 2+ people engaged in an intimate relationship that has escalated to a degree involving actual or threatening violence

 

*decreased 1993-2004

Term
calling police for domestic violence
Definition

* many victims don't call

* non-white, low-income people call more frequent

* middle-class women turn toward private sectors for help

Term
police response to domestic violence
Definition

* arrest

* mediation

* separation of parties

* referral to social services

* no action

Term

factores influencing arrest

for domestic violence

Definition

* mandatory arrest policy

* preference of victim for arrest

* relationship between victim and suspect

* disrespect to police

Term
policing vice
Definition

* "victimless crimes" with no complaining party

* police must investigate on their own

* involves business many regard as legitimate or private

* conflicting public attitudes

* enforcement is selective, arbitrary, and inconcsistent

Term
policing the homeless
Definition

* reactive, addressing complainant conserns

*other dept transfer to shelters, treatment programs, & financial assistance services

Term
policing mentally ill
Definition

* 7-10% contact is w/ mentally ill

* hospitalization, arrest, or informal disruption

* old problems/new programs

Term
Policing juvrniles
Definition

* high level of contact

* express more negative attitude toward police

* represent significant aspect of crime problem

 

Term

proactive v reactive

 

(crime control)

Definition

* proactive: anticrime strategies initiated by the police themselves, not citizens in need

 

* reactive: anticrime strategies used by police when responding o a civilian request

Term

general v specific

 

(crime control)

Definition
directed at the community at large, instead of specific crimes, places, offenders, or victims
Term
crime control assumptions
Definition

* citizens are co-producers

* police & other social institutions are interdependent

* measuring effectiveness requires meaningful definitions and reliable data

Term
preventing crime
Definition

* routine patrol is primary

* specialized units

~ meet w/ citizens

~ work alongside neighborhood groups

~ educate youth about crime, drugs, & gangs

Term
apprehending criminals
Definition

* 2nd major crime fighting responsibility

* citizens report crimes

~ citizens = gatekeepers

~ patrol rarely discover crime in progress

~ victim doesn't report bc "it's not important"

Term
reporting and unfounding crimes
Definition

* "unfounding" no official report when citizen calls

~ reasons: citizen doesn't understand criminal law, insufficient evidence, abuse of discretion

Term
Myth about detective work
Definition

* work is exciting and dangerous

* detectives are heroic, courageous, & skillful

~ these create unreasonable public expectations

Term
organized detective work
Definition

* located in separate unit

* considered high-status assignment

* great opportunity to control work & exercise initiative

Term
preliminary investigation
Definition

1. ID & arrest suspect

2. provide aid to victim(s)

3. secure crime scene & prevent loss of evidence

4. collect relevant physical evidence

5. prepare preliminary report

Term
follow-up investigation
Definition

1. interview witness(es)

2. canvass crime scene

3. discuss case with patrol officer(s)

4. interview suspect(s)

5. check record & NCIC files

Term
arrest discretion
Definition

based on:

1. strength of evidence

2. seriousness of crime

3. victim request of arrest

4. victim and suspect reationship

5. suspect is hostile

Term
case screening
Definition

* based on seriousness of crime and strength of evidence

* case solvability factors

* caseloads

Term
clearance rate
Definition
* only 21% cleared nationally
Term
legally arrested
Definition
deprived of rights by legal authority
Term
behaviorally arrested
Definition
asked by police officer to stop, told they are under arrest, or physically restrained by officer
Term
subjectively arrested
Definition
when individual believe he/she is not free to go
Term
officially arrested
Definition
when officer makes official report of arrest
Term
3 main case solvability factors
Definition

1. case structural factors

*related to crime committed

2. organizational factors

*lack of resources doesn't keep clearance rates low

3. environmental factors

*characteristic of community working in

*officers have no control over these

Term
officer productivity
Definition

* some officers make more arrests than others

*quality of arrests differs

~ many dont lead to conviction

~only 1/2 of Felonies lead to conviction

Term
use of eyewitness
Definition

*least reliable

*problems with humane perception and memory

Term
use of criminolistics
Definition
technical specialist in crime lab analyzes evidence
Term
use of DNA
Definition
all DNA samples faxed to FBI & put into index
Term
undercover police work
Definition

* deliberate deception that may promote habit of lying

* befriending criminals

* less supervision

Term
informants
Definition

* used most in victimless crime

* criminals who possess special knowledge

* potential problems bc police must give something in return for access to info

Term
G.R.E.A.T
Definition
Gang Resistance Education And Training
Term
policing career criminals
Definition

* people believed to be committing a high rate of offenses

* repeat offender program

~ targeted for surveillance & arrest

~those w/ outstanding warrants

~ provide info about offenders history

Term
policing gun & gun crime
Definition

* vicitms most likely black, Am. indian, & hispanic

* men twice as likely to be victims

* gun suppression:

~project safe neighborhood

KC gun experiment

Term
policing hate crimes
Definition

*bias motivated

* 50.8% racial

18.4% religious

16.6% sexual orientation

13.2% ethnic/national origin

* police create special units

Term
policing terrorism
Definition
"the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate to coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives
Term
responding to terrorism
Definition

*Dept of homeland security

*increase National Guard & Customs personnel

*FBI office of intelligence

*FBI counterterrorism watch

*local police 1st to respond

*info sharing

Term
reason for change in policing
Definition

* police depts isolated & alienated from important segments of commnunity

* research undermined traditional police management & reform

* recognition that police role is complex

* recognition that citizens are important as co-producers

Term
broken window hypothesis
Definition

developed by James Q. Wilson & George Kelling; 

 

argues that police should focus their resources on disorder problems that create fear of crime and lead to neighborhood decay

Term
social disorder
Definition
condition existing when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, & lack of consensus
Term
physical disorder
Definition

form of societal neglect resultign from physical decay within a neighborhood

 

*vandalism, dilapidation & abandonment, and trash buildup

Term
the SARA model
Definition
Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment
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