Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Criticism and theory
final exam study flashcards
114
English
Undergraduate 1
05/08/2012

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ideology as a ritual
Definition
Althusser defines it as "ideology represents the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real condtions of existance"
Term
Ideology as a ritual
Definition

Ideology is performed

"ideology has a material existence"

ideology is inescapable because we are constituted by  it

"there is no people outside of ideology"

Term
interpellates
Definition
ideology hails concrete individuals as concrete subjects
Term
commodity fetishism
Definition
conceal underlying social relations of capitalism
Term
Jameson
Definition
analogy between appearance and reality
Term
Marx
Definition
appearance is not necessarily false
Term
ideology as a belief
Definition

analysis attempts to unveil the secrets of form

illusion cannot be straight forward becuase reality contains the distortion

Term
Marx
Definition
"they do not know it, but they are doing it"
Term
Zizek
Definition
they know that, in their activity, they are following an illusion, but still, they are doing it
Term
Art work
Definition
stand midway between ideology and science
Term
Realism/ Modernism
Definition
"socialist" realism (Zhdanov)
Term
Lukacs's realism
Definition

consisten defender of literaty realism

critical realism vs. naturalism

celebration with critical realism was ollosed

wanted to sketh a specific type of realism

naturalist writers overemphasize detail

opposed by contemprary marxists who defended on modernism

Term
typicality
Definition
fusion between the individual and the general in history
Term
the modernist response
Definition
by making the everyday seem so strange, Brechts theatre was unusual
Term
Adorno
Definition

preferred literary modernism over conventional realism

style form and technique

artistic form is how the art is portrayed

wrote in german style that is hard to translate into english

was jewish and escaped from the Nazis

Term
"No art after Auschwwitz"
Definition
means art is both possible and necessary but it was misunderstood alot
Term
Benjamin
Definition

committed suicide in 1940

loved modernist art and modernist literature

the superstructure is the expression of the base

new practices of contemporary film have Shock and Aura

 

Term
marxism
Definition
seen as being obsessed with the econimic parts of the text
Term
marx
Definition
we make our own history on the basis of social dimensions of the economic
Term
western marxism
Definition

defined itself by being different fromt he more mainstream marxism.

characterized by a turn to culture as a result of political disappoint

Term
Terry Eagleton
Definition

menand women do not live by culture alone

majority of them have been deprived of the chance of living by it at all

those who live by culture live by it because of the labor of others

any clutureal of critical theory which does not begin from this single most important fact is unlikely to be worth very much

Term
Raymond Williams
Definition

defines culture as a whole way of life

no separation between the culture and social ways

marxists ways are varied so there are no ways to do it the same way

art alone resits appropriation by the marketplace

marxists celebrate lietrary realism

 

Term
Art
Definition

cannot exist outside of society

separation from society is still a response of the relationship it holds

 

Term
Base
Definition
the infrastructure of mode of production which charaterizes society
Term
Superstructure
Definition

(Uberbau) non economic forms of production forms of production

economic sturcture of the base

Term
Friedrich Engels
Definition
"if someone distorts whi by declaring the economic to be the only determinin factore he changes that proposition into a meaningless,abstract, ridiculous"
Term
Thompson
Definition

stressing human practice

social class as a cultural and economic phenomenon

Term
Ideology
Definition

1. illusions, distortions

2. values, beliefs

Term
Ideology as a doctrine
Definition

false consciousness

thinking in ways that unlike your own

change will only be possible through a change in the material powers

Marx's writing evolved

Term
Dominant ideology thesis
Definition

the ideas that are in favor of the ruling class will be heightened to hel them out

universal and inevitable

"let the facts speak for themselves"

Term
Raymond Williams
Definition

dominant ideology is never total but it is in constant opposition

these non dominant ideologies may be residual or emergent forms or ideologies but they may be reincorporated within it

Term

ideology as doctrine

 

Definition
doctrine is most effective when it is blurred into belief
Term
economic and ideological power operate through....
Definition

1. political society (actual government)

2. Civil society ( family, church, trade union)

Term
2 basic ways in which any government governed
Definition

1. consensual power

2. coercive power

Term
Hegemony
Definition

the realtionship among classes and sections. never absolute and static but is more changing.

assume that people are actively ivovled in their own living and learning

Term
Ideology as as ritual
Definition
rituals are rituals only becuase they are repeated
Term
Consensual power
Definition

Gramsci

ideological power ideological state apparatus

Term
Coercive Power
Definition

Repressive power

Repressive state apparatus

Term
Ideology as a belief
Definition
the three ways never really work alone
Term
Ideology
Definition

used by a French philosopher to define theory of mind

ideology is relate to epistomology

Term
Marxism
Definition
outgrowth of western ideas and has had an impact on different countries
Term
Marx and Engels
Definition
Saw the capitalistic mode of production is always there
Term
German ideology
Definition
increasingly forget to recognize them as projections of themselves and thus dont connect them together
Term
Literary creation
Definition
a sensuous human activity
Term
Engels
Definition
Described art as something that could always be traced to some material base
Term
Structuralist Marxism
Definition

1. forces of production, relations of production

2. class contradiction, human oppression

Term
Harry Anderson
Definition

structuralism should be kept at limits becuase it threatens marxism

the future of Marxism is linked to philosophical principles

Term
Piet Macherey
Definition

his book was written in collaborating with his co patriot Althusser

this book is fixed stable unit of analysis

Term
Frederick jameson
Definition

"the political unconscious" 1981

Theoretical first chapter folloed by inerpretations of different chapters

Term
Eagleton
Definition

"Criticism and Ideology"

one of the most recognizable Marxist writers

dissatiscationon the study of criticism and the incompatible differences between the groups

Term
relative autonomy
Definition
through political discourse they worked to change the ideas and beliefs of
Term
Lukacs
Definition

a truer more complete more vivd and more dynamic idea of reality

promoted the communist socialist attack on what is happening

critical realism

the idea and term of critical theory comes from the Frankfurt school

 

Term
critical theory
Definition
represented a sustained reflection onthe dialectic relation therefore truth and freedom
Term
Adorno criticized Lukacs
Definition

art cannot simply reflect the social system

it is the negative knowledge of the world

Term
Structuralist marxism
Definition
individual actions and utterances have no meanings except for in the system they are created in
Term
cultural studies
Definition
no accompanyin political form which is different from the rest of Marxism
Term
a critique of Marxism
Definition
originated in the mid twentieth century
Term
Cultural studies
Definition

late twentieth century

a traditional history of cultural studies

 

Term
"The Uses of Literacy"
Definition

wrote about culture in a new way

to read culture as part of society

Term
cultural stands for....
Definition
"a whole way of life" during the 19th century
Term
E.P. Thompson
Definition
completely eradicated the distinction between popular culture and high art
Term
structuralism
Definition

cutlure was already determined by structures so it was almost completely determined to be synonymous to ideology

 

Term
Althusser
Definition

spectacle takes priority over narrative

refusal of human authority and construction of meanings

Term
Stuart Hall
Definition

two paradigms are important

structuralism

culturalism

Term
culturalism
Definition
reminds us of the possibilities of political organizations
Term
pessimisn of the intellect
Definition
positivity of the will
Term
Gramche
Definition

celebrated the rash ideas and subcultures

theoretically ally of culturalism

Term
the 4 goals of Cultural Studies
Definition

1. transcends the confines of a particular disciplines

2. politically engaged

3. denies the separation of high and low culture

analyzes not only the cultural work but also the means of production

Term
New Historicism
Definition

rejects periodization of history and moves towards the different forms of power

episteme

history is not a form of social oppresion but is more discotinuous

social symbolic capital can be found in literary text

habitus

Term

Laputa

 

Definition
the whore
Term
New Historicism
Definition

episteme

habitus

Term
Laputa
Definition

hostility towards women in general

laputa is a trope for the female body

Term
Postmodernism and Popular Culture
Definition

1. production analysis

2. textual analysis

3. audience analysis

4. historical anaylsis

Term
Postcolonial Studies
Definition
a historical phase undergone by third world studies when the separated themselves from bigger empires
Term
poststructuralism
Definition
structuralism gave birth to poststructuralism
Term
poststructuralism
Definition
fuller working out of structuralism but it is trying to deflate structuralism
Term
Saussure
Definition

Langue/parole

noticed that there is no set relationship between signified and signifier

Term
speaking subject
Definition
subject in process- discourse
Term
Fuco
Definition
discourse is always inseparable from pwer because discourse is the governing and ordering middle of eveything
Term
Jouissance
Definition

pleasure vs. bliss

in french means orgasm

Term
S/Z
Definition
is both poststructuralist and structuralist
Term
the first type of type
Definition

"readerly"

made to be read and passively consumed

Term
writerly
Definition

scriptable

the one where the reader produces made to be written by the reader exists only in a theory a type of platonic idea

Term
hermaneutic
Definition
anigma that arises when discourse in a story arises
Term
semic
Definition
polarities and similarities that balanec story
Term
writing seems relatively impure
Definition
can be repeated and reprinted and in the repetition invites interpretation, reinterpretation, and misinterpretation
Term
Supplement
Definition
to substitute and shows that writing is not only supplements but takes the place of speech becuase speech is always already written
Term
Linguistics
Definition

origins

tone and style

attitude to language

 

Term
Project
Definition
the fundamental ways of each movement
Term
Nietzsche
Definition
people must first decide what they want and then fit their wants to their aims
Term
there are two meanings of the word history
Definition

the evens of the past

telling a story about the events of the past

Term
New historicism
Definition

1. there ar two meanings of the word history

2. historical periods are not unified entities

3. historians can no longer claims that their study of the past is detached and objective

4. the realtions between literature and history must be rethought

Term
Cultural Materialism
Definition

less pessimistic form of historicism

 

Term
Michel Pechux combines modern linguistics and psychoanalysis
Definition

1. the good subject who freely accepts the image of self

2. the bad subject who reused the identity offered by discourse

3. the subject who addbos a "third modality"

Term
poetics of culture
Definition

being more like art than we really think

they believe that we will disvoer the text but also the social aspects of having influence on ourselves aw we are looking at the text

Term
Methodology
Definition
view history and literature as forms of discourse they stornly reject the old historicism that sees history as a necessare backgroud for the study of literature
Term
new historicism and cultural materialism
Definition
the parallel reading of literary and nonliterary tects using the same historical period
Term
montrose defines it as...
Definition
the textuality of history, the historicity of texts
Term
Carceral
Definition
comes from the latin word carcel which means prison
Term
New historicist essays
Definition

1. juxtapose literary and noliterary texts

2. defarmiliarize the canonical literary text

3. focus attention on issues of state power, on patriarchal structures and on colonization

Term
montrose
Definition

a focus on the hostorisy of events

creates culture by which it is created shapes the fantasies by which it is shaped

Term
historical context
Definition
undermines the transcendent significanec usually place son the literary text
Term
political commitment
Definition
signifies the commitment of the break from the church setting emphasis
Term
textual analysis
Definition
locates the critique of cultural approaches where it can be ignored
Term
raymond williams
Definition

invented the term "sturcures of feeling"

meanings and values as they are lived and felt

Term
cultural materialism
Definition
political optomism, truth claims, comtempoorary situation
Term
new historicism
Definition
political pessimism, truth claims, cotemporary situation
Term
Cultural materialism
Definition

1. read literary tect so as to recover its histories

2. foreground present transmission and contectualization

3. combine marxist and feminist approeaches

4. work within the canon

Term
the subaltern
Definition
a category for the colonzed non elite and represented initially in jane eyre
Term
Paul Gilroy
Definition

consistenly anti essentialist

cultures dont always flow into congruent patterns

Term
Henry Louis Gates
Definition

writing was groundbreaking

analysis of african american literature

 

Term
barbara smith
Definition
silencing of the black lesbian writers
Term
double invisibility
Definition
no other group in america has had their being socialized out of existence
Term
la mestiza
Definition
"an unbounded and flexible way of culture and culturelss transcend duality
Supporting users have an ad free experience!