Term
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Definition
| Something that tries to convince you that some statement is true (i.e. there is an inference made) |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasons given to believe the conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tells us why (or how) a statment is the case. |
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Term
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Definition
A word that indicates a conclusion
e.g. therefore, thus, so, then, hence, accordingly, consiquently,which implies that, it follows that, we can conclude that, it must be that, as a result, which means that, ergo. |
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Term
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Definition
A word that indicates a premis
e.g. Because, in view of the fact, given that, seeing that, as, due to the fact, being that, since, assuming that, for the reason that, inasmuch as, as indicated by, for, the reason being. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of reasoning from a premise or premises to a conclusion based on those premises |
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Term
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Definition
| An argument intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| An arugment intended to provide probable - not conclusive - support for its conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A deductive argument that succeds in providing support for its conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A deductive argument that fails to provide conclusive support for its conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Said of a deductively valid argument that has true premises. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inductive argumeent that succeeds in providing probable - but not conclusive - support for its conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inductive argument that fails to provide strong support for its conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A strong inductive argument that has all true premises. |
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Term
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Definition
Method to determine invalidity of an argument by identifying the form, removing unnecisary words and substituting things to create a false conclusion and true premisis. e.g.
all A are B all women are fetherless bipeds
all B are C all men are fetherless bipeds
all A are C all women are men
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Term
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Definition
| An 'if-then' statement; it consists of the antecedent (the part introduced by the word if) and the consequent statement (the part introduced by the word then). |
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Term
| Implicit Premise/Conclusion |
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Definition
| A premise/conclusion that is not stated, but is implied by the context. |
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Term
| Disjunctive Syllogism (DS) |
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Definition
P or Q (A and B) or C P or not T
not P not (A and B) Not P - Valid
Q C Not T
P or Q
P - invalid
not Q |
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Term
| Hypothetical Syllogism (HS) |
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Definition
if A then B if S then (R and T)
if B then C if (R and T) then not D - valid
if A then C if S then not D
if P then Q
if R then Q - invalid
if P then R |
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Term
| Afferming the Consequent (AC) |
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Definition
If p then Q
Q - invalid
P |
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Term
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Definition
if P then Q if L then (Q and F) - valid
not Q Not (Q and F)
not P Not L
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Term
| Denying the Antecedent (DA) |
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Definition
if P then D - invalid
not P
not D |
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Term
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Definition
if P then Q if not (G and H) then J - valid
P Not (G and H)
Q J
If R then (Q and T) Invalid - Afferming the Consiquent
Q and T
R |
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