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| validity and invalidity are properties of... |
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| truth and falsity are properties of.... |
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| A valid argument with true premises must have... |
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| A sound argument is _________ and all premises are ______ |
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| A set of statements is __________ if not every member of it can possibly be true |
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| A negation i False if the sentence being negated is..... |
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| one or the other is true, but not both |
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| "only if" sentences must be rearranged for symbolism so that the "only if" is in _________ of the sentence |
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| a set of statements some of which(the premises) are intended to guarantee the truth of another( the conclusion. |
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| A deductive argument is valid if... |
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| the truth of its premises guarantees the truth of its conclusion |
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| a set of statements some of which (the premises are intended to make more likely the truth of another (the conclusion) |
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| An inductive argument is strong if... |
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| the truth of its premises makes more likely the truth of its conclusion |
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| An inductive argument is cogent if... |
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| it is strong plus its premises are true |
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| a compound statement is... |
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| a statement that is built out of smaller statements |
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| and atomic statement is... |
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| a statement that is not built out of smaller statements |
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| the truth value of a compound statement is determined by... |
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| the truth values of the smaller statements that build it up |
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| a compound statement that is built using the word "and", "but", however, wheareas, even though, plus, ect. |
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| a smaller statement that is used to build a conjunction |
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| A conjunction is true if... |
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| both conjuncts are true, and false otherwise |
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| denial of another statement |
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| a compount statement that is built using the word "or", either or, or else, otherwise, alternatively, unless |
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| a smaller statement that is used to build a disjunction |
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| a disjunction is false.... |
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| only if both disjuncts are false, otherwise it is true |
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| a compound statement that is usually built using the phrase "if...then" only if, assuming, so long as, provided that, if |
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| conditional is made up of... |
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| and antecedent and a consequent |
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| A conditional is false if... |
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| its antecedent is true while its consequent is false, otherwise its true |
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| a compound statement built using the phrases "if and only if", "just in case", "when and only when" |
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| A biconditional is true if... |
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| the right side of the biconditional and the left side of the biconditional have the same truth value, otherwise it is false |
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| Well-formed means ________ |
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| Rules for well-formed formulas |
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1. every atomic statement is a well-formed formula
2. if p is a well-formed formula, then ~p is a well-formed formula
3. if p and q are well-formed frmulas, then (p*q), (p v q), (p>q), and (p=q) are well-formed formulas
4. every well-formed formula can be built by applying rules 1-3 |
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| Checking for well formed formulas: |
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1.count right and left parentheses
2. make sure there is no ambiguity within parenthases
3. they can't begin with a wedge, hook, tribar, or dot |
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