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Critical Thinking
Chapter 2-4 Vocab
34
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
09/25/2006

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Term
ambiguous
Definition
a term or expression has more than one conventional meaning
Term
analysis
Definition
the process od breaking things down into their constituent elements
Term
connotation
Definition
the intension plus the emotional impact of a term
Term
convention
Definition
a behavioral regularity followed in order to solve intrapersonal coordination problems
Term
counterexapmle
Definition
example used to refute a general claim, as for example in a definition
Term
definition
Definition
an explanation of the meaning of a term or expression
Term
essential definition
Definition
definition that gives a term's intension
Term
ostensive definition
Definition
definition by example
Term
stipulative definition
Definition
definition that specifies an unconventional meaning of a term for use in a specific context of discourse
Term
denotation
Definition
the relationship between a word and the objects it "points to"
Term
diferentia
Definition
characteristics that distinguish the extension of a term from the genus
Term
etymolgoy
Definition
the history of a word
Term
extension
Definition
the set of objects denoted by a term
Term
explanation
Definition
language used to facilitate understanding
Term
genus
Definition
language used to facilitate understanding
Term
intension
Definition
the criteria that define the extension of a term
Term
necessary condition
Definition
a characteristic or set of characteristics required for membership in the word's extension
Term
sufficient condition
Definition
a characteristic or set of characteristics required for membership in the word's extension
Term
synonymy
Definition
sameness of meaning
Term
vague
Definition
a term or expression with an indefinate extension
Term
verbal dispute
Definition
a dispute arising out of overlooked verbal ambiguity
Term
analysis
Definition
the process of breaking complex things down into their constituent elements
Term
argument (functional)
Definition
a composition whose primary function is to persuade a person be appealing to the person's reasoning capacity
Term
argument (structural)
Definition
a composition consisting of a set of claims one of which, called the "thesis" or "conclusion", is supported by the other(s) called the premise(s)
Term
conclusion
Definition
the claim in an argument supported by the premise(s)
Term
premise(s)
Definition
the claim(s) in an argument that support the conclusion
Term
signal word
Definition
word indicating the presence of an argument or argument part
Term
thesis
Definition
conclusion, especially in an extended argument
Term
casting
Definition
a graphic system for representing the structual relationships within an argument; or a graphic rep. of a particular argument
Term
enthymeme
Definition
an argument containing an inferential assumption
Term
main premise(s)
Definition
the premise(s) offered as direct support for the thesis
Term
paraphrase
Definition
a reformulation intended to capture the same meaning
Term
plausibility
Definition
the credibilty or believablity of an idea that we estimate as likely to survive critical scrutiny
Term
relevant
Definition
related to the topic under discussion
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