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Definition
| A system of logic based on the relations of inclusion and exclusion among classes ("categories"). This branch of logic specifies the logical relationships among claims that can be expressed in the forms of A, E, I & O-Claims. Categorical logic was developed by Aristotle in the fourth century and is also refereed to as Aristotelian or traditional logic. |
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Definition
| Ant\y standard-form categorical claim or any claim that means the same as some standard standard-form categorical claim. |
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| Standard-Form Categorical Claim |
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Definition
| Any claim that results from putting words or phrases that name classes in the following structures. ex: "All___are___." or "Some___are not___." |
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| The noun or noun phrase that refers to the first class mentioned in a standard-form categorical claim. |
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| The noun or noun phrase that refers to the second class mentioned in a standard-form categorical claim. |
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| A claim that includes one class or part of one class within another: A-and I-Claims. |
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| A claim that excludes one class or part of one class from another: E-and O-claims. |
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| Two claims are equivalent if and only if they would be true in all and exactly the same circumstances. |
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| A table of the logical relationships between two categorical claims that have the same subject and predicate terms. |
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| Two claims that could not both be true at the same time but could both be false at the same time. |
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| Two claims that can both be true at the same time but cannot both be false at the same time. |
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| Two claims that are exact opposites-that is, they could not both be true at the same time and could not both be false at the same time. |
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Definition
| The converse of a categorical claim is the claim that results from switching the places of the subject and predicate terms. |
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Definition
| A term is complementary to another term if and only if it refers to everything that the first term does not refer to. |
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Definition
| The obverse of a categorical claim is that claim that is directly across from it in the square of opposition, with the predicate term changed to it complementary term. |
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| The categorical claim that results from switching the places of the subject and prate terms in a categorical claim and replacing both terms with their complementary termsedic. |
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Definition
| A deductive argument with two premises. |
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Definition
| A two-premise deductive argument in which every claim is categorical and each of three terms appears in two of the claims-for example, all soldiers are martinets and no martinets are diplomats, so no soldiers are diplomats. |
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Definition
| The term that occurs as the predicate term of the syllogism's conclusion. (Soliders) |
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| The term that occurs as the subject term of the syllogism's conclusion. (Diplomats) |
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Definition
| The term that occurs in both of the premises but not at all in the conclusion. (Martinets) |
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