Term
Beta-agonist Medications
(Activate Beta-2 receptors in the respiratory tract, causing bronchodilation)
Common Side Effects: Tachycardia, Hypo- and Hyper- tension, Chest pain, CNS stimulation, Palpitations
Special Considerations: prolonged use of Albuterol may cause metabolic acidosis, Caution in pt's with Cardovascular Disease |
|
Definition
Indications: Reactive airway Disease, Bronchospasm
Albuterol (Ventolin): Neb., MDI
Levalbuterol (Xopenex):Neb. MDI
Terbutaline (Brethine): SC
Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Neb., SC, IM, IV |
|
|
Term
Anticholinergic Bronchodilator Medicaitons
(Block acetylcholine at bronchial smooth-muscle receptor sites)
Common Side Effects: Palpitations, Bronchitis
Special Considerations: Administerd only every 6-8 hours
|
|
Definition
Indications: Reactive airway disease, Bronchospasm
Ipatropium (Atrovent): Neb., MDI |
|
|
Term
Theophyllin Derivatives
(Block phosphodiesterase and stimulate the release of endogenous catecholamines)
Common Side Effects: Tachycardia, Nervousness, Nausea, Vomiting
Special Considerations: Numerous food and medications interactions may occur |
|
Definition
Indications: Reactive airway disease, Bronchospasm
Theophylline or Aminophylline: PO and IV |
|
|
Term
Corticosteroids
(Suppress immune response; restore normal capillary permability; limit neutrophil migration)
Common Side Effects: Insomnia, nerviousness, Immunosuppression, Hyperglycemia
Special Considerations: Pt's with active infections, Numerous interactions may occur espically with long term use.
|
|
Definition
Indications: Inflammatory disorders, airway edema, Cerebral edema, Hight-altitude pulmonary edema
Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol): IM or IV
Prednisone: PO
Dexamethasone (Decadron): PO and IV
Prednisolone: PO |
|
|
Term
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonists
(Block alpha receptors in vascular smooth muscle, preventing vasoconstriction from catecholamines)
Common Side Effects: Hypotension, Tachycardia, Dizziness, Weakness
Special Considerations: Phentolamine is infiltrated into subcutaneous tissues affected by extravasation of vasoconstrictor medications to prevent tissue necrosis. |
|
Definition
Indications: Hypertension, Unwanted vasoconstriction from exogenous or endogenous catecholamines, Pheocromocytoma
Clonidine: PO
Phentolamine (Regitine): SC, IM, IV
Labetolol (Trandate): PO, IV |
|
|
Term
ACE Inhibitors
(Prevent conversion of angiotension 1 to angiotension 2, a potent vasoconstrictor; reduce aldosterone secretion)
Common Side Effects: Hypotention, Tachycardia, Chest Pain, Palpitations, Cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema)
Special Considerations: sudden unexpected angioedema, Medication interations |
|
Definition
Indications: Hypertension, Left ventricular dysfunction, CHF
Captopril (Capoten): PO
Enalapril (Vasotec): PO, IV |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmic Class 1 Medications
(Block fast sodium channels; inhibit depolarization of neuronal cells, decrease mycardial conduction velocity and automaticity)
Common Side Effects: Hpotension, Vomiting, Conduction distruvance, Cardiovascular Collapse
Special Considerations: correct electrolytes, with with Pacemaker not working properly |
|
Definition
Indications: Treatment of various atrial or ventricular arrhythmias
Procainamide: IV
Lidocaine: IV, ETT |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmic Class 2 Medications
(Competitively block beta receptors in heart blood vessels; may affect other beta receptrs at higher doses)
Common Side Effects: Hypotension, Bradycardia, Conduction abnomalities, Dizziness, Hypoglycemia
Special Considerations: Cocaine toxicity, ever OD on Beta blockers, avoid giving IV calcium channel vlockers with Beta Blockers with in a short time period |
|
Definition
Indications: Treatment of certain cardiac arrhythmias, HTN, MI, Acute coronary syndrome; tremors, psychological disorders, migraines
Metoprolol (Lopressor): PO, IV
Labetolol (Trandate): PO, IV
Esmolol (Brevivloc): IV |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmic Class 3 Medicaitons
(Block potassium channels, witch delay pahse 3 repolarization and increase the effective refactory period)
Common side Effects: Prolonged QT, Hypotension, Bradycardia, Conduction abnormalities, Flushing, edema
Special Considerations: Amiodarone affects sodium, potassiu, and calcium channels along with alpha- and beta- blocking properties. |
|
Definition
Indications: Various atrial or ventricular arrhythmias
Amiodarone: PO, IV |
|
|
