Temperature <= 37.8 Celcius

Heart Rate <= 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate <= 24

Systolic BP >= 90 mmHg

O2Sat>= 90 or pO2>= 60 on Room Air

Can Maintain Oral Intake

Normal Mental Status

These are important criteria for discharge of switch to oral antibiotics

It is suggestive of exudative pleural effusion if:

Pleural fluid LDH > 60% serum LDH

Pleural Fluid LDH > 2/3 normal upper limit of serum LDH

Pleural Fluid Protein > 50% Serum Protein

Transudative effusion will fulfill none of these.  Trasudative effusions from systemic processes like CHF, Cirrhosis, Nephropathy.  Exudative from local respiratory causes such as pneumonia, TB, neoplasm etc.

Age

Age of menarchy

Age of first live birth

# first degree relatives with Breast Ca.

# of breast biopsies

# of biopsies showing atypical hyperplasia

Race/Ethnicity

Women with a 5-year risk of 1.67% or greater are considered "high risk"

The CHADS score is used to estimate the annual stroke risk of patients with non-rheumatic A-Fib.  Depending on the score/risk, there are different anticoaggulation guidelines.

C - CHF

H - HTN

A - Age (>75 years)

D - DM

S - prior stroke/TIA

The first 4 are worth 1 point, the prior stroke is worth 2 points.  Patients with A-Fib scoring a total of 0 points can be maintained on aspirin therapy.  Patients with a score of 1 should be on aspirin or coumadin.  Patients with 2 or greater should receive coumadin prophylaxis.